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<p>Urbanisation and industrialisation have led to heavy metal contamination of road dust, posing a global health threat. Gaya (Bihar) has witnessed an upsurge in the population and undergone rapid urban development in the past decade, leading to widespread dust prevalence. The present study evaluates the heavy metal abundance and ecological risks associated with roadside dust at eight prominent bus stands in Gaya, Bihar (India). The collected roadside dust samples were assessed for five toxic heavy metals including copper (Cu), lead (Pb), cadmium (Cd), zinc (Zn), and nickel (Ni). The minimum and maximum concentration ranged from 26.03–54.23&#xa0;mg kg<sup>–1</sup>, 1.68–34.11&#xa0;mg kg<sup>–1</sup>, 114.44–322.81&#xa0;mg kg<sup>–1</sup>, and 3.50–13.27&#xa0;mg kg<sup>–1</sup> for Cu, Pb, Zn and Ni respectively. Cd was undetectable in the current study. Average concentrations of Cu and Zn were higher than the upper continental crust (UCC) values, while Pb concentrations exceeded UCC values at all sites except Panchanpur bus stand. Various indices (concentration factor, contamination degree, pollution load index, and index of geoaccumulation), employed to evaluate the risks associated with dust pollution, indicated low to moderate heavy metals contamination. However, the potential ecological risk factor and potential ecological risk index revealed a low to no risk associated with heavy metals. This study, the first of its kind near a UNESCO World Heritage site, establishes a crucial baseline, necessitating further evaluation of future risks to human health and the environment.</p>

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Heavy metals distribution and associated ecological risk assessment of roadside dust at prominent bus stands in Gaya, Bihar (India)

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2025年12月9日

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  • Kumari Saumya,
  • Alvia Aslam,
  • Rajesh Kumar Ranjan

摘要

Urbanisation and industrialisation have led to heavy metal contamination of road dust, posing a global health threat. Gaya (Bihar) has witnessed an upsurge in the population and undergone rapid urban development in the past decade, leading to widespread dust prevalence. The present study evaluates the heavy metal abundance and ecological risks associated with roadside dust at eight prominent bus stands in Gaya, Bihar (India). The collected roadside dust samples were assessed for five toxic heavy metals including copper (Cu), lead (Pb), cadmium (Cd), zinc (Zn), and nickel (Ni). The minimum and maximum concentration ranged from 26.03–54.23 mg kg–1, 1.68–34.11 mg kg–1, 114.44–322.81 mg kg–1, and 3.50–13.27 mg kg–1 for Cu, Pb, Zn and Ni respectively. Cd was undetectable in the current study. Average concentrations of Cu and Zn were higher than the upper continental crust (UCC) values, while Pb concentrations exceeded UCC values at all sites except Panchanpur bus stand. Various indices (concentration factor, contamination degree, pollution load index, and index of geoaccumulation), employed to evaluate the risks associated with dust pollution, indicated low to moderate heavy metals contamination. However, the potential ecological risk factor and potential ecological risk index revealed a low to no risk associated with heavy metals. This study, the first of its kind near a UNESCO World Heritage site, establishes a crucial baseline, necessitating further evaluation of future risks to human health and the environment.