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<p>Boron contamination in water sources represents a critical environmental and public health concern due to its toxicity and adverse impacts on ecosystems and human well-being. This study systematically investigates calcium oxide (CaO) as an effective adsorbent for boron removal from aqueous solutions. CaO is considered a promising candidate for water treatment owing to its high reactivity, large surface area, and facile production. Key operational parameters, including pH, adsorbent dosage, initial boron concentration, contact time, and temperature, were thoroughly examined to optimize the adsorption process. The highest removal efficiency was achieved at pH 9, with an adsorbent dosage of 0.4&#xa0;g/50&#xa0;ml and an initial boron concentration of 16.5&#xa0;mg/L. To further enhance removal performance and evaluate factor interactions, a 2³ factorial experimental design was implemented using Minitab 18.0, enabling both optimization and statistical assessment of the parameters. The adsorption mechanism was analyzed through isotherm, kinetic, and thermodynamic models. Equilibrium data were best described by the Sips isotherm model, indicating the presence of heterogeneous adsorption sites, while the adsorption kinetics followed the pseudo-second-order model, suggesting that the adsorption rate is primarily controlled by interactions between boron ions and the CaO surface. Thermodynamic analysis revealed that the process is endothermic and non-spontaneous under the tested conditions Furthermore, the influence of temperature on adsorption efficiency was systematically assessed, showing an increase in boron uptake with rising temperatures, which is attributed to enhanced diffusion rates and increased surface reactivity. The study also highlights the scalability of CaO-based adsorption systems and their potential integration into conventional water treatment processes. These findings provide comprehensive insights into designing sustainable and cost-effective strategies for mitigating boron contamination in real-world water purification applications.</p>

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Boron species adsorption from water using calcium oxide adsorbent: kinetics, isotherm, and thermodynamic studies

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2025年12月11日

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  • Abdullah Y. Al Haj Ahmed,
  • Husam Al Najar,
  • Nasser Abu Ghalwa

摘要

Boron contamination in water sources represents a critical environmental and public health concern due to its toxicity and adverse impacts on ecosystems and human well-being. This study systematically investigates calcium oxide (CaO) as an effective adsorbent for boron removal from aqueous solutions. CaO is considered a promising candidate for water treatment owing to its high reactivity, large surface area, and facile production. Key operational parameters, including pH, adsorbent dosage, initial boron concentration, contact time, and temperature, were thoroughly examined to optimize the adsorption process. The highest removal efficiency was achieved at pH 9, with an adsorbent dosage of 0.4 g/50 ml and an initial boron concentration of 16.5 mg/L. To further enhance removal performance and evaluate factor interactions, a 2³ factorial experimental design was implemented using Minitab 18.0, enabling both optimization and statistical assessment of the parameters. The adsorption mechanism was analyzed through isotherm, kinetic, and thermodynamic models. Equilibrium data were best described by the Sips isotherm model, indicating the presence of heterogeneous adsorption sites, while the adsorption kinetics followed the pseudo-second-order model, suggesting that the adsorption rate is primarily controlled by interactions between boron ions and the CaO surface. Thermodynamic analysis revealed that the process is endothermic and non-spontaneous under the tested conditions Furthermore, the influence of temperature on adsorption efficiency was systematically assessed, showing an increase in boron uptake with rising temperatures, which is attributed to enhanced diffusion rates and increased surface reactivity. The study also highlights the scalability of CaO-based adsorption systems and their potential integration into conventional water treatment processes. These findings provide comprehensive insights into designing sustainable and cost-effective strategies for mitigating boron contamination in real-world water purification applications.