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<p>Monitoring waterflooding operations is vital for sustaining good production performance in oil reservoirs with complex geometries or limited well control. Traditional methods such as finite difference, material balance, and plotting techniques like Hall plot and bubble plot are time-intensive and sensitive to grid resolution. In this study, the streamline simulation approach using MBAL software was employed to assess the effects of boundary conditions (no-flow and constant pressure) and injection well pattern designs (five-spot, seven-spot, and nine-spot) on oil recovery efficiency. By comparing various boundary conditions and patterns, the study aims to demonstrate the efficiency and accuracy of streamline simulation-based models for waterflooding monitoring and surveillance. A hypothetical waterflooding model incorporating different boundary conditions and pattern types was developed and analyzed for improved oil recovery optimization strategies. The study revealed sweep efficiencies of 8.89% (no-flow), 68.28% (constant pressure), 96.46% (five-spot), 91.24% (seven-spot), and 99.64% (nine-spot), with corresponding recovery factors of 5.75%, 44.18%, 75.02%, 70.91%, and 77.50%, respectively. These results demonstrate how boundary conditions and pattern layout dramatically impact displacement performance. The nine-spot pattern under constant pressure exhibited the highest sweep and recovery, with streamline simulation offering a rapid and computationally affordable method for such comparative evaluation. Findings highlight the importance of early-stage pattern screening in IOR planning.</p>

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Comparison study on the effect of boundary condition and pattern allocation for improved oil recovery (IOR)

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2025年12月3日

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  • Harsh Patni,
  • Sivakumar Pandian

摘要

Monitoring waterflooding operations is vital for sustaining good production performance in oil reservoirs with complex geometries or limited well control. Traditional methods such as finite difference, material balance, and plotting techniques like Hall plot and bubble plot are time-intensive and sensitive to grid resolution. In this study, the streamline simulation approach using MBAL software was employed to assess the effects of boundary conditions (no-flow and constant pressure) and injection well pattern designs (five-spot, seven-spot, and nine-spot) on oil recovery efficiency. By comparing various boundary conditions and patterns, the study aims to demonstrate the efficiency and accuracy of streamline simulation-based models for waterflooding monitoring and surveillance. A hypothetical waterflooding model incorporating different boundary conditions and pattern types was developed and analyzed for improved oil recovery optimization strategies. The study revealed sweep efficiencies of 8.89% (no-flow), 68.28% (constant pressure), 96.46% (five-spot), 91.24% (seven-spot), and 99.64% (nine-spot), with corresponding recovery factors of 5.75%, 44.18%, 75.02%, 70.91%, and 77.50%, respectively. These results demonstrate how boundary conditions and pattern layout dramatically impact displacement performance. The nine-spot pattern under constant pressure exhibited the highest sweep and recovery, with streamline simulation offering a rapid and computationally affordable method for such comparative evaluation. Findings highlight the importance of early-stage pattern screening in IOR planning.