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<p>This research focuses on the evaluation of physiochemical characteristics and technological properties of illitic-rich clays endowed in the Okposi-Uburu region, to assess their suitability as raw materials for structural ceramic and brick production. To achieve this, mineralogical compositions and elemental analyses were investigated via X-ray diffraction (XRD) and X-ray fluorescence spectroscopy, respectively. Evaluations of physical characteristics were performed by particle-size analysis, Atterberg limits, and total organic content tests. As part of the ceramic evaluation process, technological tests were performed on clays fired at a conventional temperature range of 850–1050&#xa0;°C. In terms of mechanical strength, the compressive resistances were investigated via three-point loading strength tests. From the results, XRD revealed the predominance of illite, quartz, flux-inducing minerals (K-feldspar, carbonate), and accessory phases. The illite, which promotes glassy phase formation, accompanied by significant percentages of SiO<sub>2</sub> (42.6–56.4%), Al<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub> (21.9–30.3%), and K<sub>2</sub>O (2.3–6.9%), signifies good materials for the production of ceramic and terracotta building materials. Low amounts of Fe<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub> with high alkali contents positively influenced the ceramic properties. Using ternary diagrams, particle-size analysis revealed adequate characteristics with good plasticity. The extruded specimen revealed red coloration attributable to hematite present in mineral compositions. At sintering temperatures above 850&#xa0;°C, mineral transformations occurred with the crystallization of new phases. The specimen revealed the development of earlier densification, good linear shrinkage, reduced water absorption, and enhanced mechanical performance, with compressive strength ranges of 8.5–9.9&#xa0;MPa, attributable to the sintering process. The silicon–aluminum compositions, based on technological characteristics, indicate that the clays satisfy favorably as raw materials according to ASTM standards and specifications for structural ceramic and building brick production.</p>

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Physio-chemical characterizations, technological properties, and suitability assessments of illitic-rich clay bodies from Okposi-Uburu, Southeastern Nigeria, as raw materials for ceramic and building applications

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2025年10月31日

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  • Obisi M. Nweke,
  • Chidiebere C. Ani,
  • Victor O. Nwaejigh,
  • Chima J. Chizoba,
  • Louis U. Onyeneke,
  • Augustine Oshimiri

摘要

This research focuses on the evaluation of physiochemical characteristics and technological properties of illitic-rich clays endowed in the Okposi-Uburu region, to assess their suitability as raw materials for structural ceramic and brick production. To achieve this, mineralogical compositions and elemental analyses were investigated via X-ray diffraction (XRD) and X-ray fluorescence spectroscopy, respectively. Evaluations of physical characteristics were performed by particle-size analysis, Atterberg limits, and total organic content tests. As part of the ceramic evaluation process, technological tests were performed on clays fired at a conventional temperature range of 850–1050 °C. In terms of mechanical strength, the compressive resistances were investigated via three-point loading strength tests. From the results, XRD revealed the predominance of illite, quartz, flux-inducing minerals (K-feldspar, carbonate), and accessory phases. The illite, which promotes glassy phase formation, accompanied by significant percentages of SiO2 (42.6–56.4%), Al2O3 (21.9–30.3%), and K2O (2.3–6.9%), signifies good materials for the production of ceramic and terracotta building materials. Low amounts of Fe2O3 with high alkali contents positively influenced the ceramic properties. Using ternary diagrams, particle-size analysis revealed adequate characteristics with good plasticity. The extruded specimen revealed red coloration attributable to hematite present in mineral compositions. At sintering temperatures above 850 °C, mineral transformations occurred with the crystallization of new phases. The specimen revealed the development of earlier densification, good linear shrinkage, reduced water absorption, and enhanced mechanical performance, with compressive strength ranges of 8.5–9.9 MPa, attributable to the sintering process. The silicon–aluminum compositions, based on technological characteristics, indicate that the clays satisfy favorably as raw materials according to ASTM standards and specifications for structural ceramic and building brick production.