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<p>Mass balance estimates take into account every component of the environment under consideration, offering the most straightforward approach and enhancing assessments of heavy metals pollutions. This study estimates environmental pollution using mass balance values of Cd, As, Pb, Hg, and Fe in some wetlands at Obuasi, Ghana. The specific objectives are to (i) determine the concentrations of the elements in the wetlands, (ii) assess the mass balance ratio (<i>B</i><sub><i>R</i></sub>) for each of the elements in the wetlands, and (iii) integrate the <i>B</i><sub><i>R</i></sub> of the elements for the wetlands. The metal concentrations were determined by Atomic Absorption Spectrometry procedure. Reference crustal average values for Cd, As, Pb, Hg, and Fe were used to calculate the <i>B</i><sub><i>R</i></sub> for the elements. The <i>B</i><sub><i>R</i></sub> values were integrated to generate geochemical mass balance ratio index (<i>B</i><sub><i>R</i></sub><i>I</i>). The element concentrations are above WHO/FAO&#xa0;permissible limits. Cd, As, and Hg <i>B</i><sub><i>R</i></sub><i>s</i> are &gt; 1.3 at all sites indicating enrichment from mining, Pb <i>B</i><sub><i>R</i></sub> of 1.090 show near equilibrium, while Fe <i>B</i><sub><i>R</i></sub> of 0.06 indicate depletion. Average <i>B</i><sub><i>R</i></sub><i>I</i> values for the basins are 30.89, 67.68, and 42.83 for site-A, site-B, and site-C, respectively, dominated by Cd, As, and Hg. This indicates extra source of Cd, As, and Hg from human activities accumulate into the wetlands. In conclusion, the wetlands are not conducive for consumable livelihood venture, enrichment of Cd, As, and Hg is due to mining operations, and <i>B</i><sub><i>R</i></sub><i>I</i> provides strong synergistic and effective metric tool to monitor heavy metal pollution levels in wetland environment.</p>

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Using mass balance analyses for heavy metal pollution assessment in some wetlands at Obuasi, Ghana

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2025年5月31日

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  • Peter Asiamah Ampadu-Daaduam,
  • Dickson Asante Armah,
  • Prosper Aduah Akaba,
  • Patrick Opoku,
  • Derrick Owusu Mensah,
  • Gordon Foli,
  • Simon Kafui Yawo Gawu

摘要

Mass balance estimates take into account every component of the environment under consideration, offering the most straightforward approach and enhancing assessments of heavy metals pollutions. This study estimates environmental pollution using mass balance values of Cd, As, Pb, Hg, and Fe in some wetlands at Obuasi, Ghana. The specific objectives are to (i) determine the concentrations of the elements in the wetlands, (ii) assess the mass balance ratio (BR) for each of the elements in the wetlands, and (iii) integrate the BR of the elements for the wetlands. The metal concentrations were determined by Atomic Absorption Spectrometry procedure. Reference crustal average values for Cd, As, Pb, Hg, and Fe were used to calculate the BR for the elements. The BR values were integrated to generate geochemical mass balance ratio index (BRI). The element concentrations are above WHO/FAO permissible limits. Cd, As, and Hg BRs are > 1.3 at all sites indicating enrichment from mining, Pb BR of 1.090 show near equilibrium, while Fe BR of 0.06 indicate depletion. Average BRI values for the basins are 30.89, 67.68, and 42.83 for site-A, site-B, and site-C, respectively, dominated by Cd, As, and Hg. This indicates extra source of Cd, As, and Hg from human activities accumulate into the wetlands. In conclusion, the wetlands are not conducive for consumable livelihood venture, enrichment of Cd, As, and Hg is due to mining operations, and BRI provides strong synergistic and effective metric tool to monitor heavy metal pollution levels in wetland environment.