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<p>In many developing cities, urban-rail transit systems are planned under long-term master plans but often lack detailed evaluations of how network expansion changes accessibility by public transport. This study assesses the impact of railway network expansion using a cumulative accessibility index derived from GTFS-based travel times. Three scenarios are compared: the current network, the original M-MAP plan, and the proposed M-MAP2 Blueprint. The results show that the M-MAP2 Blueprint increases citywide accessibility by approximately 10%, with 50% of facilities within 20&#xa0;km of the city center, reachable within 60&#xa0;min. While the expanded network significantly enhances accessibility, some peripheral areas remain underserved. Lorenz curve and Gini coefficient analyses further reveal improved spatial equity, with the Gini decreasing from 0.530 (current) to 0.457 (M-MAP2 Blueprint), indicating a more balanced distribution of public transport services. These findings highlight the dual benefits of the M-MAP2 Blueprint: enhancing overall accessibility while reducing spatial disparities in service provision. The study underscores the importance of integrating quantitative accessibility and equity measures into urban-rail planning to support evidence-based, inclusive, and sustainable urban mobility strategies in rapidly developing cities.</p>

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Enhancing urban accessibility with railway network development: a comparative scenario analysis in Bangkok, Thailand

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年1月24日

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  • Noriyasu Tsumita,
  • Varameth Vichiensan,
  • Atsushi Fukuda

摘要

In many developing cities, urban-rail transit systems are planned under long-term master plans but often lack detailed evaluations of how network expansion changes accessibility by public transport. This study assesses the impact of railway network expansion using a cumulative accessibility index derived from GTFS-based travel times. Three scenarios are compared: the current network, the original M-MAP plan, and the proposed M-MAP2 Blueprint. The results show that the M-MAP2 Blueprint increases citywide accessibility by approximately 10%, with 50% of facilities within 20 km of the city center, reachable within 60 min. While the expanded network significantly enhances accessibility, some peripheral areas remain underserved. Lorenz curve and Gini coefficient analyses further reveal improved spatial equity, with the Gini decreasing from 0.530 (current) to 0.457 (M-MAP2 Blueprint), indicating a more balanced distribution of public transport services. These findings highlight the dual benefits of the M-MAP2 Blueprint: enhancing overall accessibility while reducing spatial disparities in service provision. The study underscores the importance of integrating quantitative accessibility and equity measures into urban-rail planning to support evidence-based, inclusive, and sustainable urban mobility strategies in rapidly developing cities.