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<p>The satisfaction levels of both companies and passengers are directly linked to the quality of the public transportation system, with frequency determination playing a crucial role in this dynamic. In our study, we conducted a scoping review of frequency-setting models focused on sustainability, aiming to identify how the costs associated with public bus transportation are addressed. Out of the 42 studies that met our search criteria, we categorized them based on sustainable metrics: economic, social, and environmental. The findings reveal that none of the models presented a broad view of the system, dealing with a limited combination of strategies. We also found that a few studies address the environmental agenda, highlighting a significant research gap that can influence the behavior of operations. By considering environmental factors, such models could not only enhance operational efficiency but also contribute to a substantial reduction in pollutant emissions. Furthermore, the creation of transport models must not only aim to be economically and socially viable, but also environmentally responsible.</p>

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Frequency-setting models: a literature review of costs and sustainability on bus routes

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2025年9月25日

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  • Joyce Azevedo Caetano,
  • Francisco Glaubos Nunes Clímaco,
  • Glaydston Mattos Ribeiro,
  • Laura Bahiense

摘要

The satisfaction levels of both companies and passengers are directly linked to the quality of the public transportation system, with frequency determination playing a crucial role in this dynamic. In our study, we conducted a scoping review of frequency-setting models focused on sustainability, aiming to identify how the costs associated with public bus transportation are addressed. Out of the 42 studies that met our search criteria, we categorized them based on sustainable metrics: economic, social, and environmental. The findings reveal that none of the models presented a broad view of the system, dealing with a limited combination of strategies. We also found that a few studies address the environmental agenda, highlighting a significant research gap that can influence the behavior of operations. By considering environmental factors, such models could not only enhance operational efficiency but also contribute to a substantial reduction in pollutant emissions. Furthermore, the creation of transport models must not only aim to be economically and socially viable, but also environmentally responsible.