Emerging Role of 4D Flow for Clinical use in Adult Congenital Heart Disease

4-dimensional phase-contrast flow measurement (4D Flow) has an increasing clinical and scientific potential in patients with congenital heart disease (CHD). In this review, we present up-to-date information about the benefits of 4D Flow in adults with CHD (ACHD).

Due to sequence and software developments 4D is now routinely used for clinical blood flow measurements in ACHD patients. An increasing number of studies also shows that 4D Flow-derived advanced hemodynamic markers cannot only explain cardiovascular conditions but that they can help in ACHD management. Moreover, with the use of computational fluid dynamics and deep learning techniques 4D Flow might help in exploring and developing personalized medical treatment strategies.

Utilization of 4D Flow has become widely spread in research as well as in clinical practice allowing to explore morphological and hemodynamical consequences in ACHD.