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<p>The examination of hair&#xa0;is widely recognized&#xa0;for its ability to yield valuable insights into environmental and toxic exposures. To identify the&#xa0;prioritized&#xa0;risks and human health impacts&#xa0;associated with&#xa0;Pb–Zn mining, we&#xa0;collected&#xa0;scalp hair from residents in mining areas (n = 441) as biomarkers to characterize 16 metals (Ca, Mg, Fe, Cu, Zn, Mn, Co, Cr, V, Ni, As, Al, Cd, Sb, Hg, and Pb) and evaluate health risks. Results indicated that variations of metals were observed in scalp hair. The mean concentrations of metals in scalp hair decreased as the order of Ca (614.95&#xa0;μg/g) &gt; Zn (110.08&#xa0;μg/g) &gt; Mg (37.93&#xa0;μg/g) &gt; Al (21.19&#xa0;μg/g) &gt; Fe (20.81&#xa0;μg/g) &gt; Pb (10.66&#xa0;μg/g) &gt; Cu (9.20&#xa0;μg/g) &gt; Cr (5.19&#xa0;μg/g) &gt; Mn (1.27&#xa0;μg/g) &gt; As (0.28&#xa0;μg/g) &gt; Cd (0.22&#xa0;μg/g) &gt; Ni (0.15&#xa0;μg/g) &gt; Hg (0.07&#xa0;μg/g) &gt; Sb (0.05&#xa0;μg/g) &gt; V (0.04&#xa0;μg/g) &gt; Co (0.02&#xa0;μg/g). Additionally, significant gender-related variations were observed in the distribution of Ca, Mg, Zn, Cu, As, Ca, and Pb in the scalp hair of mining-area residents (p &lt; 0.001). The mean concentrations of metals (As, Al, Cd, Sb, Hg, Pb, Fe, Cu, Mn, Cr) were higher in males compared to females, and the mean concentrations of all metals (except Co) were consistently higher in all adult groups compared to those in children’s groups. Additionally, As demonstrated the most significant positive correlation with age, whereas Ca exhibited the most pronounced negative correlation with age. Ca showed the strongest positive correlation with distance, while it had the strongest negative correlation with As. Furthermore, statistically significant correlations were identified between the pairs: Ca–Mg, Ca–Zn, V–Fe, V–Cr, Sb–As, Sb–Cd, Pb–Cd, and Pb–Sb (p &lt; 0.001). According to the&#xa0;Threshold Values of Trace Elements in Human Hair in China&#xa0;(T/GDWJ 003–2020), the health risks associated with exposure to Al, Cd, Co, Cr, Hg, Ni, Mn, and Pb were found to be out of acceptable thresholds, posing significant health concerns for both children and adults in the population. Al, Pb, and Hg are identified as priority pollutants, which should be paid more attention to the local resident health impact from nonferrous metal mining.</p> Graphical Abstract <p></p>

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Human Health Impact from Nonferrous Metal Mining: Exposure Risk with Hair as Biomarkers and the Associated Influencing Factors

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2025年5月16日

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  • Xueming Zheng,
  • Feng He,
  • Xiaoping Li,
  • He Shen,
  • Danqian Shi,
  • Qishang Zhou,
  • Shuang Zhang,
  • Tunyang Geng,
  • Yueheng Jiang,
  • Pengyuan Jin,
  • Xuelian Kui,
  • Huimin Liu,
  • Xu Zhang,
  • Ge Ma,
  • Jiang Yun,
  • Xiangyang Yan

摘要

The examination of hair is widely recognized for its ability to yield valuable insights into environmental and toxic exposures. To identify the prioritized risks and human health impacts associated with Pb–Zn mining, we collected scalp hair from residents in mining areas (n = 441) as biomarkers to characterize 16 metals (Ca, Mg, Fe, Cu, Zn, Mn, Co, Cr, V, Ni, As, Al, Cd, Sb, Hg, and Pb) and evaluate health risks. Results indicated that variations of metals were observed in scalp hair. The mean concentrations of metals in scalp hair decreased as the order of Ca (614.95 μg/g) > Zn (110.08 μg/g) > Mg (37.93 μg/g) > Al (21.19 μg/g) > Fe (20.81 μg/g) > Pb (10.66 μg/g) > Cu (9.20 μg/g) > Cr (5.19 μg/g) > Mn (1.27 μg/g) > As (0.28 μg/g) > Cd (0.22 μg/g) > Ni (0.15 μg/g) > Hg (0.07 μg/g) > Sb (0.05 μg/g) > V (0.04 μg/g) > Co (0.02 μg/g). Additionally, significant gender-related variations were observed in the distribution of Ca, Mg, Zn, Cu, As, Ca, and Pb in the scalp hair of mining-area residents (p < 0.001). The mean concentrations of metals (As, Al, Cd, Sb, Hg, Pb, Fe, Cu, Mn, Cr) were higher in males compared to females, and the mean concentrations of all metals (except Co) were consistently higher in all adult groups compared to those in children’s groups. Additionally, As demonstrated the most significant positive correlation with age, whereas Ca exhibited the most pronounced negative correlation with age. Ca showed the strongest positive correlation with distance, while it had the strongest negative correlation with As. Furthermore, statistically significant correlations were identified between the pairs: Ca–Mg, Ca–Zn, V–Fe, V–Cr, Sb–As, Sb–Cd, Pb–Cd, and Pb–Sb (p < 0.001). According to the Threshold Values of Trace Elements in Human Hair in China (T/GDWJ 003–2020), the health risks associated with exposure to Al, Cd, Co, Cr, Hg, Ni, Mn, and Pb were found to be out of acceptable thresholds, posing significant health concerns for both children and adults in the population. Al, Pb, and Hg are identified as priority pollutants, which should be paid more attention to the local resident health impact from nonferrous metal mining.

Graphical Abstract