<p>Assessing human health risks from chemicals in freshwater is inherently complex due to the multitude of exposure pathways involved. This study presents a novel aggregate exposure model to provide a comprehensive assessment of human chemical exposure from freshwater sources. Our framework incorporates distinct freshwater types (e.g., surface water, groundwater) and multiple exposure pathways, including aquaculture (fish consumption), aquatic activities (swimming, fishing), and routine household practices (drinking water, bathing). By using chemical concentrations in specific freshwater types as a basis for calculating the lifetime average daily dose, the model improves both precision and practicality in exposure assessment. Our findings reveal significant variation in the contributions of different exposure pathways and routes depending on the chemical analyzed. For example, di (2-ethylhexyl) adipate (DEHP), a chemical with high dermal uptake, accounted for approximately 55% of total exposure via the dermal route during swimming and showering. In contrast, ingestion dominated exposure for chemicals like urea, primarily through contaminated drinking water and fish consumption. These route-specific differences underscore the need to tailor water treatment strategies to chemical types and water sources. For instance, households relying on unfiltered groundwater should closely monitor BDE-209 and urea levels, as conventional water treatment methods are insufficient to mitigate exposure from household water use. This study underscores the importance of considering multiple exposure pathways to effectively assess and mitigate health risks from freshwater contaminants. By providing a pathway-specific understanding of exposure dynamics, our study offers a robust framework for tailoring interventions and mitigating health risks associated with freshwater contaminants.</p>