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<p>Messenger RNA (mRNA) stability is a key determinant of gene expression in plants, linking transcriptional outputs to developmental programs and environmental responses. Epitranscriptomic modifications have emerged as an additional regulatory layer that fine-tunes mRNA fate. Among these, N6-methyladenosine (m<sup>6</sup>A), 5-methylcytosine (m<sup>5</sup>C), and pseudouridine (Ψ) are increasingly recognized as major contributors to mRNA stability control. Here, we synthesize current knowledge on how these modifications regulate transcript turnover in plants. We first summarize advances in profiling technologies, including antibody-based approaches, single-base resolution methods, and nanopore direct RNA sequencing. We then discuss the mechanistic roles of m<sup>6</sup>A as a dynamic and context-dependent signal that can either promote mRNA decay through reader-mediated pathways or stabilize transcripts depending on cellular conditions. In contrast, m<sup>5</sup>C is generally associated with transcript stabilization via structural reinforcement and regulation of mRNA export, whereas Ψ appears to modulate a trade-off between translation efficiency and mRNA stability. We further highlight how positional effects, developmental stage, and environmental stress influence modification outcomes. Finally, we discuss emerging evidence for crosstalk among epitranscriptomic modifications and outline key challenges, including identifying missing regulatory components and establishing causal relationships. Together, these findings support a model in which mRNA modifications act combinatorially to regulate mRNA homeostasis in plants.</p>

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Epitranscriptomic Regulation of mRNA Stability in Plants: Roles of m6A, m5C, and Pseudouridine

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年7月17日

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  • Thi Tuyet Suong Ha,
  • So Young Park,
  • Dong-Hoon Jeong

摘要

Messenger RNA (mRNA) stability is a key determinant of gene expression in plants, linking transcriptional outputs to developmental programs and environmental responses. Epitranscriptomic modifications have emerged as an additional regulatory layer that fine-tunes mRNA fate. Among these, N6-methyladenosine (m6A), 5-methylcytosine (m5C), and pseudouridine (Ψ) are increasingly recognized as major contributors to mRNA stability control. Here, we synthesize current knowledge on how these modifications regulate transcript turnover in plants. We first summarize advances in profiling technologies, including antibody-based approaches, single-base resolution methods, and nanopore direct RNA sequencing. We then discuss the mechanistic roles of m6A as a dynamic and context-dependent signal that can either promote mRNA decay through reader-mediated pathways or stabilize transcripts depending on cellular conditions. In contrast, m5C is generally associated with transcript stabilization via structural reinforcement and regulation of mRNA export, whereas Ψ appears to modulate a trade-off between translation efficiency and mRNA stability. We further highlight how positional effects, developmental stage, and environmental stress influence modification outcomes. Finally, we discuss emerging evidence for crosstalk among epitranscriptomic modifications and outline key challenges, including identifying missing regulatory components and establishing causal relationships. Together, these findings support a model in which mRNA modifications act combinatorially to regulate mRNA homeostasis in plants.