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<p>As sessile, plants are continuously threatened by a number of potential pathogens. To survive in nature, plants have evolved sophisticated immune systems to effectively disarm pathogens. Plant immune responses are triggered by the recognition of pathogen-derived molecules by immune receptors, and are often accompanied by the extracellular secretion of immune molecules. Plants generally utilize two distinct mechanisms to discharge immune molecules out of cells: plasma membrane (PM)-localized transporter-associated secretion and secretory vesicle-related exocytosis. For exocytosis, plants, as eukaryotes, require the complex formation of soluble <i>N</i>-ethylmaleimide-sensitive factor attachment protein receptors (SNAREs) to facilitate membrane fusion between a vesicle and the PM. In this review, we discuss relevant SNARE complexes involved in plant immune exocytosis. Furthermore, we discuss how plants control the complex formation of a specific set of SNAREs involved in immune responses.</p>

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SNARE Complexes in Plant Immune Exocytosis

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年6月2日

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  • Hye Sup Yun,
  • Ki Nyeong Lee,
  • Hyeokjin Kwon,
  • Chian Kwon

摘要

As sessile, plants are continuously threatened by a number of potential pathogens. To survive in nature, plants have evolved sophisticated immune systems to effectively disarm pathogens. Plant immune responses are triggered by the recognition of pathogen-derived molecules by immune receptors, and are often accompanied by the extracellular secretion of immune molecules. Plants generally utilize two distinct mechanisms to discharge immune molecules out of cells: plasma membrane (PM)-localized transporter-associated secretion and secretory vesicle-related exocytosis. For exocytosis, plants, as eukaryotes, require the complex formation of soluble N-ethylmaleimide-sensitive factor attachment protein receptors (SNAREs) to facilitate membrane fusion between a vesicle and the PM. In this review, we discuss relevant SNARE complexes involved in plant immune exocytosis. Furthermore, we discuss how plants control the complex formation of a specific set of SNAREs involved in immune responses.