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<p>Nonexpressor of pathogenesis-related gene 1 (NPR1) is a pivotal regulator coordinating salicylic acid (SA)-mediated immunity with physiological adaptation to environmental stress. NPR1 has been primarily described as a redox-responsive transcriptional coactivator in the nucleus. In confocal analysis, we previously observed that NPR1 tended to transiently accumulate in the chloroplasts of <i>Nicotiana tabacum</i> mesophyll and guard cells under abiotic and biotic stress, suggesting a potential signaling role at the organelle level. To address this question, we conducted RNA sequencing of <i>Nicotiana tabacum</i> lines expressing the chloroplast-targeted NPR1 (<i>cTP–NPR1</i>) and compared their transcriptomes with those of wild-type plants 48h after <i>Phytophthora parasitica</i> infection. The analysis identified distinct clusters of differentially expressed genes involved in SA and ethylene–jasmonic acid cross-talk, redox response, calcium signaling, and transcriptional regulation. Interestingly, functional enrichment revealed that several genes participated in membrane trafficking pathways, notably those involved in vesicle-mediated transport, phospholipid metabolism, and Golgi-to-ER retrograde trafficking. Collectively, our results support a model in which chloroplast-targeted NPR1 functions within a chloroplast-originated signaling network that integrates redox, metabolic, and hormonal cues to reprogram nuclear transcription during immune activation.</p>

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RNA-seq and Network Analysis Reveal Chloroplast NPR1-Mediated Transcriptional Reprogramming

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年5月29日

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  • Ky Young Park,
  • So Yeon Seo

摘要

Nonexpressor of pathogenesis-related gene 1 (NPR1) is a pivotal regulator coordinating salicylic acid (SA)-mediated immunity with physiological adaptation to environmental stress. NPR1 has been primarily described as a redox-responsive transcriptional coactivator in the nucleus. In confocal analysis, we previously observed that NPR1 tended to transiently accumulate in the chloroplasts of Nicotiana tabacum mesophyll and guard cells under abiotic and biotic stress, suggesting a potential signaling role at the organelle level. To address this question, we conducted RNA sequencing of Nicotiana tabacum lines expressing the chloroplast-targeted NPR1 (cTP–NPR1) and compared their transcriptomes with those of wild-type plants 48h after Phytophthora parasitica infection. The analysis identified distinct clusters of differentially expressed genes involved in SA and ethylene–jasmonic acid cross-talk, redox response, calcium signaling, and transcriptional regulation. Interestingly, functional enrichment revealed that several genes participated in membrane trafficking pathways, notably those involved in vesicle-mediated transport, phospholipid metabolism, and Golgi-to-ER retrograde trafficking. Collectively, our results support a model in which chloroplast-targeted NPR1 functions within a chloroplast-originated signaling network that integrates redox, metabolic, and hormonal cues to reprogram nuclear transcription during immune activation.