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<p>Zeaxanthin, a bioactive pigment, plays a significant role in plant growth, human health, and so on. Maize is one of the most important crops in the world. Breeding maize varieties with high zeaxanthin concentrations is of great importance. In this study, a Genome-Wide Association Study (GWAS) was conducted with 221 maize inbred lines with a wide range of zeaxanthin content. <i>ZmZEP1</i>, which encodes zeaxanthin epoxidase functioning in zeaxanthin degradation, was identified. HPLC analysis demonstrated a significant variation in zeaxanthin contents between wild-type B73 and mutant <i>zmzep1</i>. Transgenic insertion of <i>ZmZEP1</i> into the <i>Arabidopsis aba1-7</i> mutant restored its antheraxanthin and violaxanthin production functions and partially the plant phenotype. Haplotype analysis further categorized 167 maize inbred lines into four primary haplotypes: Hap 2, Hap 4, Hap 5, and Hap 6. Inbreed lines with Hap 6 contained decreased zeaxanthin contents, consistent with its increased ZEP enzyme activity. Hap 2, Hap 4, and Hap 5 haplotypes are considered elite haplotypes in breeding, as they contribute to the accumulation of zeaxanthin in maize grains. Our haplotype analysis combined with enzyme activity analysis of ZmZEP1 verified a relationship between different haplotypes and varied zeaxanthin contents, which would offer a reference for breeding maize varieties with increased zeaxanthin content.</p>

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Genome-Wide Association Study Identifies Variants in ZmZEP1 Associated with Zeaxanthin Level in Maize Grains

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2025年1月23日

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  • Xiao Zhang,
  • Li Qin,
  • Yufang Ge,
  • Meiyao Wang,
  • Meixu Ma,
  • Chengyang Zhao,
  • Haiyan Li,
  • Xiaoduo Lu

摘要

Zeaxanthin, a bioactive pigment, plays a significant role in plant growth, human health, and so on. Maize is one of the most important crops in the world. Breeding maize varieties with high zeaxanthin concentrations is of great importance. In this study, a Genome-Wide Association Study (GWAS) was conducted with 221 maize inbred lines with a wide range of zeaxanthin content. ZmZEP1, which encodes zeaxanthin epoxidase functioning in zeaxanthin degradation, was identified. HPLC analysis demonstrated a significant variation in zeaxanthin contents between wild-type B73 and mutant zmzep1. Transgenic insertion of ZmZEP1 into the Arabidopsis aba1-7 mutant restored its antheraxanthin and violaxanthin production functions and partially the plant phenotype. Haplotype analysis further categorized 167 maize inbred lines into four primary haplotypes: Hap 2, Hap 4, Hap 5, and Hap 6. Inbreed lines with Hap 6 contained decreased zeaxanthin contents, consistent with its increased ZEP enzyme activity. Hap 2, Hap 4, and Hap 5 haplotypes are considered elite haplotypes in breeding, as they contribute to the accumulation of zeaxanthin in maize grains. Our haplotype analysis combined with enzyme activity analysis of ZmZEP1 verified a relationship between different haplotypes and varied zeaxanthin contents, which would offer a reference for breeding maize varieties with increased zeaxanthin content.