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<p>Salma UNESCO Global Geopark (UGGp) is located in the Hail region of Saudi Arabia and features a unique Cenozoic volcanic harrat. Salma UGGp provides a picturesque volcanic harrat, archaeological, historical, and cultural sites. The Salma UGGp is part of the pilgrimage route, which indicates the development of an old settlement in this region. Evolution 2016of the volcanic harrat in Saudi Arabia is well explained with particular reference to Harrat Hutaymah in Salma UGGp. However, a systematic investigation of geosites and geoheritage assessment is the major research gap. Therefore, the objective is firstly, to prepare a description card of the geosites, and secondly, to evaluate the geoheritage value of the geosites. The description card is prepared on the basis of the field observation and literature review. The geoheritage value is calculated on the basis of scientific, educational, tourist, and additional values. The present study classifies the geosites, including the crystalline basement of the Neoproterozoic Arabian Shield, Neoproterozoic super-eruptions and their mega-calderas, Early Palaeozoic volcano-sedimentary sequences, and Mesozoic siliciclastic successions as part of the Arabian Platform over the Arabian Shields, along with the Harrat Hutaymah. Volcanic eruptions and related processes form scoria cones, maar craters, tuff rings, and volcanic fill structures. The abundance of the craters, easy accessibility, and high representativeness support geoeducation to understand Cenozoic volcanic eruptions and resulting landforms. Several archaeological structures and old farms observed in the crater suggest the presence of ancient civilizations in the volcanic landscape. Further, various cultural heritage sites like old markets, castles, and buildings are important tourist attractions. Considering the high scientific value, geoeducation potential, and significant touristic destination related to archeology and culture, Salma UGGp could be a possible global destination that promotes sustainable geotourism.</p>

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Geoheritage Assessment and Geotourism Potential of the Volcanic Geoheritage in Salma UNESCO Global Geopark (UGGp), Saudi Arabia

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年7月27日

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  • Subhajit Sen,
  • Hussam Zuhair Turki,
  • Haris Ahmed Khan,
  • Mohamad Sameh Mohamad Antar,
  • Mohamed Talaat El Hennawy,
  • Ali Hassan Almusabeh,
  • Azher Hussain Syed,
  • Abhijit Santra,
  • Mohamed Omar Abouelresh

摘要

Salma UNESCO Global Geopark (UGGp) is located in the Hail region of Saudi Arabia and features a unique Cenozoic volcanic harrat. Salma UGGp provides a picturesque volcanic harrat, archaeological, historical, and cultural sites. The Salma UGGp is part of the pilgrimage route, which indicates the development of an old settlement in this region. Evolution 2016of the volcanic harrat in Saudi Arabia is well explained with particular reference to Harrat Hutaymah in Salma UGGp. However, a systematic investigation of geosites and geoheritage assessment is the major research gap. Therefore, the objective is firstly, to prepare a description card of the geosites, and secondly, to evaluate the geoheritage value of the geosites. The description card is prepared on the basis of the field observation and literature review. The geoheritage value is calculated on the basis of scientific, educational, tourist, and additional values. The present study classifies the geosites, including the crystalline basement of the Neoproterozoic Arabian Shield, Neoproterozoic super-eruptions and their mega-calderas, Early Palaeozoic volcano-sedimentary sequences, and Mesozoic siliciclastic successions as part of the Arabian Platform over the Arabian Shields, along with the Harrat Hutaymah. Volcanic eruptions and related processes form scoria cones, maar craters, tuff rings, and volcanic fill structures. The abundance of the craters, easy accessibility, and high representativeness support geoeducation to understand Cenozoic volcanic eruptions and resulting landforms. Several archaeological structures and old farms observed in the crater suggest the presence of ancient civilizations in the volcanic landscape. Further, various cultural heritage sites like old markets, castles, and buildings are important tourist attractions. Considering the high scientific value, geoeducation potential, and significant touristic destination related to archeology and culture, Salma UGGp could be a possible global destination that promotes sustainable geotourism.