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<p>The Non Nuoc Cao Bang UNESCO Global Geopark in northern Vietnam contains more than 130 geological and 200 historical and cultural sites, but its tourism potential has not been systematically quantified. This study develops an integrated framework to evaluate multidimensional heritage value and to delineate zones suitable for sustainable tourism development. Field inventories, satellite imagery, and 300 stakeholder questionnaires were integrated with expert scoring across six value dimensions. The Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP) produced relative weights that were applied to the corresponding spatial layers in a GIS environment. Ecological (weight = 0.26) and educational (0.23) attributes emerged as the primary drivers of tourism suitability, followed by scientific (0.18), aesthetic (0.17), historical and cultural (0.09), and heritage density (0.06). High and very high value zones together occupy 20.7% of the 3,390&#xa0;km² geopark, clustering around Ban Gioc Waterfall, Nguom Ngao Cave, and the Phia Oac and Phia Den massif. The resulting suitability map underpins a tiered management strategy: strict conservation in core clusters, low-impact trails in buffer belts, and community-based tourism in peripheral areas. The framework provides a replicable decision-support tool for balancing geoheritage conservation with local economic development, offering evidence for provincial planning and for UNESCO revalidation of the geopark.</p>

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Assessment of Heritage Values and Sustainable Tourism Development Potential at the Non Nuoc Cao Bang UNESCO Global Geopark, Vietnam

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年1月2日

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  • Thi Van Huong Do,
  • Quoc Lap Kieu

摘要

The Non Nuoc Cao Bang UNESCO Global Geopark in northern Vietnam contains more than 130 geological and 200 historical and cultural sites, but its tourism potential has not been systematically quantified. This study develops an integrated framework to evaluate multidimensional heritage value and to delineate zones suitable for sustainable tourism development. Field inventories, satellite imagery, and 300 stakeholder questionnaires were integrated with expert scoring across six value dimensions. The Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP) produced relative weights that were applied to the corresponding spatial layers in a GIS environment. Ecological (weight = 0.26) and educational (0.23) attributes emerged as the primary drivers of tourism suitability, followed by scientific (0.18), aesthetic (0.17), historical and cultural (0.09), and heritage density (0.06). High and very high value zones together occupy 20.7% of the 3,390 km² geopark, clustering around Ban Gioc Waterfall, Nguom Ngao Cave, and the Phia Oac and Phia Den massif. The resulting suitability map underpins a tiered management strategy: strict conservation in core clusters, low-impact trails in buffer belts, and community-based tourism in peripheral areas. The framework provides a replicable decision-support tool for balancing geoheritage conservation with local economic development, offering evidence for provincial planning and for UNESCO revalidation of the geopark.