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<p>The Hingol National Park (HNP) is a noteworthy geoheritage site situated in Balochistan, Pakistan. It highlights geological diversity, unique landforms, and ecological importance, standing it as a candidate for possible geoheritage recognition. Geologically, HNP is distinguished for its complex tectonic setting influenced by the Eurasian, Arabian, and Indian plates. This has resulted in remarkable geological formations such as mud volcanoes, unique rock structures like the Princess of Hope and the Balochistan Sphinx, and various geological heritage features that are candidates for UNESCO World Heritage status. In this study, geological and geomorphological features were inferred and visualized using multi-source satellite imagery, including Sentinel-2B and Landsat-9 data. These datasets were analyzed for detailed geological mapping, structural interpretation, and geoheritage assessment, integrated with the existing map of HNP. Our results show that HNP has great prospects as an aspiring global geopark in Pakistan, especially for mud volcanoes. These volcanoes possess unique geological and cultural features of international values which is also evident from the analysis of Landsat 9 and sentinel-2B dataset with techniques of FCC (False Color composite), PCA (Principal component analysis), BRs (Band Ratios) and supervised image classifications (SIC). These analyses greatly helped to improve the surface geological mapping with integration of field observation within the HNP. The results validate strong correlations between lithological units and structural features, supporting a comprehensive geoheritage assessment. These analyses effectively highlight the significant geoheritage elements within Hingol National Park (HNP). Overall, this study underlines HNP’s importance as a key asset for Pakistan, providing essential ecological conservation, valuable geological insights, and rich cultural significance.</p>

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Unlocking the Geoheritage Potential of Hingol National Park (HNP), Pakistan: Geological and Geomorphological Insights Through Multi-Satellite Remote Sensing Data and Field Geology Validation

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2025年8月2日

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  • Muhammad Yaseen,
  • Rujun Chen,
  • Jawad Ahmad,
  • Shahid Ali Shah,
  • Shah Fahad,
  • Muhammad Naveed Anjum,
  • Syed Tanvir Shah

摘要

The Hingol National Park (HNP) is a noteworthy geoheritage site situated in Balochistan, Pakistan. It highlights geological diversity, unique landforms, and ecological importance, standing it as a candidate for possible geoheritage recognition. Geologically, HNP is distinguished for its complex tectonic setting influenced by the Eurasian, Arabian, and Indian plates. This has resulted in remarkable geological formations such as mud volcanoes, unique rock structures like the Princess of Hope and the Balochistan Sphinx, and various geological heritage features that are candidates for UNESCO World Heritage status. In this study, geological and geomorphological features were inferred and visualized using multi-source satellite imagery, including Sentinel-2B and Landsat-9 data. These datasets were analyzed for detailed geological mapping, structural interpretation, and geoheritage assessment, integrated with the existing map of HNP. Our results show that HNP has great prospects as an aspiring global geopark in Pakistan, especially for mud volcanoes. These volcanoes possess unique geological and cultural features of international values which is also evident from the analysis of Landsat 9 and sentinel-2B dataset with techniques of FCC (False Color composite), PCA (Principal component analysis), BRs (Band Ratios) and supervised image classifications (SIC). These analyses greatly helped to improve the surface geological mapping with integration of field observation within the HNP. The results validate strong correlations between lithological units and structural features, supporting a comprehensive geoheritage assessment. These analyses effectively highlight the significant geoheritage elements within Hingol National Park (HNP). Overall, this study underlines HNP’s importance as a key asset for Pakistan, providing essential ecological conservation, valuable geological insights, and rich cultural significance.