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<p>Bharmour, a small town and old capital of Chamba kingdom in NW Himalaya, is one of the oldest civilizations in the Himalayan region. Here civilization has existed at least seventh century. Shifting of capital by the&#xa0;King of Chamba from Bharmour to Chamba around the 10th Century, remains an unsolved puzzle. This poses a&#xa0;question that “what were the factors that forced the King to shift his capital from Bharmour to Chamba? Did&#xa0;an earthquake force&#xa0;him, or was it related to other catastrophic events related to climate? We have&#xa0;studied the archaeological monuments of Bharmour, Chamba and Kangra regions for seismological study and core sediments of Khajjiar Lake for palaeoclimatic reconstruction for last 4400 years. The obtained results were corroborated with the published palaeo-seismological data of the region. The palaeo-climatic data of the past 1500 years indicate that there were stable climatic conditions in the region. The published palaeo-seismological study, over the surface rupture of 1905 earthquake, documented three historical earthquakes between <b>(i)</b> 2500–900 BC <b>(ii)</b> 890 BC-720 AD <b>(iii)</b> 750-1290AD. The third historical earthquake (750–1290 AD) corresponds to the shifting time of capital from Bharmour to Chamba (i.e&#xa0;tenth century). This suggests that a major earthquake may have been responsible for shifting of capital from Bharmour to Chamba. In addition to the rich cultural heritage, these monuments have a great potential to serve as geoheritage sites. These deformed monumental features can be used in educational exhibits, guided tours, and interpretive trails to educate people about the earthquake history of the region. It can also be used to stress the importance of being ready for disasters and building resilience in both locals and visitors.</p>

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Archaeo-seismological Evidences of a Shifted Capital in Chamba Region of NW Himalaya

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2025年5月28日

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  • M. Joshi,
  • V. C. Thakur,
  • Y. P. Sundriyal,
  • B. S. Kotlia,
  • S. S. Bhakuni,
  • A. K. Singh,
  • S. P. Naik,
  • G. C. Kothyari

摘要

Bharmour, a small town and old capital of Chamba kingdom in NW Himalaya, is one of the oldest civilizations in the Himalayan region. Here civilization has existed at least seventh century. Shifting of capital by the King of Chamba from Bharmour to Chamba around the 10th Century, remains an unsolved puzzle. This poses a question that “what were the factors that forced the King to shift his capital from Bharmour to Chamba? Did an earthquake force him, or was it related to other catastrophic events related to climate? We have studied the archaeological monuments of Bharmour, Chamba and Kangra regions for seismological study and core sediments of Khajjiar Lake for palaeoclimatic reconstruction for last 4400 years. The obtained results were corroborated with the published palaeo-seismological data of the region. The palaeo-climatic data of the past 1500 years indicate that there were stable climatic conditions in the region. The published palaeo-seismological study, over the surface rupture of 1905 earthquake, documented three historical earthquakes between (i) 2500–900 BC (ii) 890 BC-720 AD (iii) 750-1290AD. The third historical earthquake (750–1290 AD) corresponds to the shifting time of capital from Bharmour to Chamba (i.e tenth century). This suggests that a major earthquake may have been responsible for shifting of capital from Bharmour to Chamba. In addition to the rich cultural heritage, these monuments have a great potential to serve as geoheritage sites. These deformed monumental features can be used in educational exhibits, guided tours, and interpretive trails to educate people about the earthquake history of the region. It can also be used to stress the importance of being ready for disasters and building resilience in both locals and visitors.