Environmental Assessment and Tourism Carrying Capacity in Geosites of the Ruta del Oro Geopark Project
摘要
The Ruta del Oro Geopark project proposal presents a wide range of interest sites, mainly geological and mining. This allows them to be promoted as tourist itineraries (e.g., georoutes). During tourist visits to the geosites, there must be monitoring to guarantee non-environmental degradation, geoconservation, and economic and social sustainability. Therefore, this work aims to conduct an environmental and tourism carrying capacity assessment of six geosites within the Ruta del Oro Geopark project through a modified cause-effect method for the sustainable strengthening and optimal use of geotourism. The methodology consisted of selecting geosites of high interest within the Ruta del Oro Geopark (El Sexmo mine, Zaruma-Urcu hill, El Calvario hill, Portovelo hot springs, El Chimbo waterfall, and Salvias River) to carry out a geoenvironmental and tourism carrying capacity assessment. This evaluation served to propose geotourism sustainability strategies as a tool for decision-makers. Eight environmental aspects are classified as favorable, highlighting the visual element, social recreation, and cultural symbol. In comparison, there are four unfavorable aspects, the main one being the impact on flora and fauna. Within the carrying capacity assessment, visitor numbers vary between 518 − 99 per day, with the El Sexmo mine standing out for its adequate geotourism sites. The analysis and evaluation allowed us to propose improvement strategies to promote and make optimal use of the geosites based on geotourism, geoeducation, and geoconservation pillars. A fundamental axis is the governmental participation through plans that motivate awareness and sustainable tourism, as well as geocommunication of the unique values of each geosite.