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<p>Twisted top disease, caused by members of the <i>Fusarium fujikuroi</i> species complex (FFSC) and <i>F. incarnatum–equiseti</i> species complex (FIESC), has emerged as a significant threat to the Philippine sugarcane industry due to its increasing incidence and severity across major production areas. This study characterized 56 <i>Fusarium</i> isolates from Luzon, Visayas, and Mindanao through multilocus sequence analysis (MLSA) of two housekeeping genes (<i>tef1</i> and <i>tub2</i>) and separate analysis of the 18S rRNA region. The concatenated phylogeny resolved the isolates into nine well-supported clades (&gt; 75% bootstrap), revealing both monophyletic and polyphyletic groupings that reflect the genetic complexity within the genus. Monophyletic clusters were observed in clades II, IV, VI, VII, VIII, and IX, while clades I, III, and V exhibited polyphyly. Population analyses based on regional origin identified three distinct groups. High haplotype (H<i>d</i> = 0.794) and nucleotide (π = 0.3409) diversities in <i>tub2</i> sequences were calculated. Significant genetic differentiation between Luzon and Mindanao populations (Fst = 0.3610, <i>tub2</i>) suggests strong population structuring, whereas moderate differentiation between Visayas and Mindanao (Fst = 0.0345, <i>tef1</i>) feasibly points to genetic variation among populations. Overall, these findings elucidate the evolutionary complexity and population divergence of <i>Fusarium</i> species associated with sugarcane twisted top&#xa0;disease in the Philippines, and emphasize the necessity of species- and population-level resolution for the effective management of <i>Fusarium</i>-induced diseases in sugarcane.</p>

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Multilocus Characterization and Genetic Differentiation of Fusarium Populations Causing Sugarcane Twisted Top Disease from the Philippines

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年5月4日

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  • M. A. Samaco-Delfinado,
  • F. M. dela Cueva

摘要

Twisted top disease, caused by members of the Fusarium fujikuroi species complex (FFSC) and F. incarnatum–equiseti species complex (FIESC), has emerged as a significant threat to the Philippine sugarcane industry due to its increasing incidence and severity across major production areas. This study characterized 56 Fusarium isolates from Luzon, Visayas, and Mindanao through multilocus sequence analysis (MLSA) of two housekeeping genes (tef1 and tub2) and separate analysis of the 18S rRNA region. The concatenated phylogeny resolved the isolates into nine well-supported clades (> 75% bootstrap), revealing both monophyletic and polyphyletic groupings that reflect the genetic complexity within the genus. Monophyletic clusters were observed in clades II, IV, VI, VII, VIII, and IX, while clades I, III, and V exhibited polyphyly. Population analyses based on regional origin identified three distinct groups. High haplotype (Hd = 0.794) and nucleotide (π = 0.3409) diversities in tub2 sequences were calculated. Significant genetic differentiation between Luzon and Mindanao populations (Fst = 0.3610, tub2) suggests strong population structuring, whereas moderate differentiation between Visayas and Mindanao (Fst = 0.0345, tef1) feasibly points to genetic variation among populations. Overall, these findings elucidate the evolutionary complexity and population divergence of Fusarium species associated with sugarcane twisted top disease in the Philippines, and emphasize the necessity of species- and population-level resolution for the effective management of Fusarium-induced diseases in sugarcane.