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<p>Seed viability and germination potential are crucial factors in sugarcane (<i>Saccharum</i> spp.) breeding and conservation. This study investigated the impact of embryo dehydration on seed viability across 190 <i>Saccharum</i> clones. Seeds were collected from the ICAR-SBI RC Field Gene Bank, Kannur, and germination tests were conducted under controlled conditions. Initial germination rates were low, ranging from 1 to 15% in <i>S. spontaneum</i> and 0–7% in <i>S. officinarum</i>. A significant positive correlation was observed between initial moisture content (6.0–9.0%) and germination percentage. To investigate the impact of time on embryo viability, non-germinating seeds were manually examined for the presence of embryos over a period of 1–5&#xa0;h. Longitudinal dissection (100 × 2 replications) revealed a progressive decline in fresh embryo counts after 3&#xa0;h at room temperature, with approximately 50% embryo loss due to dehydration. A standard tetrazolium (TZ) test confirmed embryo viability, which closely aligned with the number of fresh embryos present. SEM provided ultrastructural evidence of dehydration-induced embryo shrinkage after 5&#xa0;h. Elemental composition analysis indicated similar properties between the embryo and embryo bed, confirming shrinkage, while endosperm composition remained distinct. In non-viable seeds, complete absence of embryo was observed. The study underscored the need for immediate post-harvest seed processing and improved storage techniques to mitigate embryo desiccation. These findings provide critical insights into sugarcane seed physiology, emphasizing the necessity for enhanced preservation methods to improve germplasm conservation and breeding efficiency.</p>

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Deciphering True Seed Viability Loss in Sugarcane: Physiological and Ultrastructural Evidence of Embryo Dehydration as a Marker of Seed Recalcitrance

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2025年10月24日

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  • V. G. Dhanya,
  • V. V. Prathiba,
  • Amaresh,
  • Savio Jacob Saji,
  • M. Neethu,
  • E. K. Saneera,
  • M. Nisha

摘要

Seed viability and germination potential are crucial factors in sugarcane (Saccharum spp.) breeding and conservation. This study investigated the impact of embryo dehydration on seed viability across 190 Saccharum clones. Seeds were collected from the ICAR-SBI RC Field Gene Bank, Kannur, and germination tests were conducted under controlled conditions. Initial germination rates were low, ranging from 1 to 15% in S. spontaneum and 0–7% in S. officinarum. A significant positive correlation was observed between initial moisture content (6.0–9.0%) and germination percentage. To investigate the impact of time on embryo viability, non-germinating seeds were manually examined for the presence of embryos over a period of 1–5 h. Longitudinal dissection (100 × 2 replications) revealed a progressive decline in fresh embryo counts after 3 h at room temperature, with approximately 50% embryo loss due to dehydration. A standard tetrazolium (TZ) test confirmed embryo viability, which closely aligned with the number of fresh embryos present. SEM provided ultrastructural evidence of dehydration-induced embryo shrinkage after 5 h. Elemental composition analysis indicated similar properties between the embryo and embryo bed, confirming shrinkage, while endosperm composition remained distinct. In non-viable seeds, complete absence of embryo was observed. The study underscored the need for immediate post-harvest seed processing and improved storage techniques to mitigate embryo desiccation. These findings provide critical insights into sugarcane seed physiology, emphasizing the necessity for enhanced preservation methods to improve germplasm conservation and breeding efficiency.