Recent Advancement in Medicinal Properties and Safety Aspects of Stevia rebaudiana: Zero-Calorie Sugar Plant
摘要
With rising health concerns related to excessive sugar intake, there is an increasing desire for alternative sweeteners that offer both safety and nutritional benefits. Stevia rebaudiana (Bertoni), a perennial plant belonging to the family of Asteraceae, has garnered considerable interest as a natural sugar alternative owing to its elevated levels of steviol glycosides (SGs), particularly stevioside and rebaudioside A. This review provides a comprehensive analysis of S. rebaudiana, covering its cultivation practices and global distribution. A detailed overview of the biosynthetic pathway and cellular transportation of SGs is presented to enhance understanding of their molecular production and accumulation. Beyond its zero-calorie nature and nutritional profile, stevia exhibits several health advantages, including antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties, potential roles in diabetes management, antimicrobial activity, and anticancer effects. Furthermore, safety and regulatory perspectives are critically discussed to provide a balanced view of stevia consumption and its integration into food products. The review emphasizes the requirement for further research to optimize stevia applications in the food industry and maximize its therapeutic potential. By addressing existing knowledge gaps, future studies can contribute to the sustainable use of stevia as a functional food ingredient, ensuring both health benefits and commercial viability.