<p>Microbial fuel cells (MFCs) have been recognized as promising technologies in recent times for both toxic metal bioremediation and clean power generation. The function of organic substrate to provide a source of metabolism for microbial growth apart from bioremediation of the metal ions in MFC is of great interest. This work investigates the application of sugarcane extract as the organic substrate in MFCs, offering deeper insight into the interaction of sugarcane extract microbial metabolism on power generation and toxic metal bioremediation. The operating cycle of the MFC was 33 days, while the maximum voltage output recorded on day 16 was 161 mV, coupled with toxic metal bioremediation efficiencies of 89.12%, 84.43%, and 89.58% for Cu²⁺, Cd²⁺, and Pb²⁺, respectively. The organic substrate, which is a sugarcane extract, was added fresh every day during the process. The anode performance with the organic substrate was further evaluated using cyclic voltammetry (CV). The electrodes were characterized using SEM/EDX to investigate their toxicity and biofilm development. This study summarizes the experimental results and proposes a mechanism for metal ion degradation and electron transfer mechanisms in the MFC system. The findings indicate that sugarcane extract could be an efficient&#xa0;organic substrate for MFC applications. In addition, some ongoing challenges in MFC advancement and their corresponding recommendations were highlighted.</p>