Agronomical Interventions for Improving Sugarcane Water Productivity: A Review

Sugarcane, recognized as one of the most water-demanding crops globally, relies on ample water from either rainfall or irrigation to attain maximum productivity and profitability. Meanwhile, the amount of fresh water available per person is steadily diminishing due to rising demands from residential, industrial, and agricultural sectors. Given the dwindling groundwater reserves amid climate change and various other sustainability issues, numerous technological interventions have been proposed by researchers to improve crop and water productivity of sugarcane. Implementing the interventions, such as selecting water-efficient cultivars, optimizing planting techniques, employing micro-irrigation systems particularly subsurface drip irrigation and AI-driven sensor-based optimized and automated irrigation scheduling, can be a judicious choice. Additionally, ensuring eco-friendly straw mulching, practicing efficient nutrient management, and promoting legume intercropping contribute to better soil health and sustainable cane yield. This article provides a comprehensive overview of the innovative technologies as effective solutions to diminish energy, water and carbon footprints in sugarcane production. These novel practices enable sugarcane as an efficient rain water harvesting crop rather than a water guzzler in the sub-tropics. The ultimate goal is to foster overall growth, improve yield and produce quality canes, ultimately enhancing the livelihoods of sugarcane farmers and minimize environmental impacts.