<p><?tk 2?>While carbon emissions generated from the transportation sector can be reduced by the use of new energy vehicles, the production of new energy vehicles contributes to large amounts of carbon emissions, which has resulted in several new challenges for the operational management of the new energy vehicle supply chain. These new challenges motivate us to study the effects of carbon abatement on the supply chain structure of new energy vehicles. In this paper, a three-tier supply chain of new energy vehicles is considered, and decentralized models with and without partial concentration are developed. A differential game approach is proposed to study and compare the dynamic carbon abatement decisions for the two models. A general case with multiple component suppliers in the new energy vehicle supply chain is further analyzed. Finally, a numerical study is conducted to investigate how the key parameters affect the supply chain structure in a dynamic environment. The results show that when the investment cost of battery technology development for new energy vehicles is within an appropriate range, the manufacturer tends to develop battery technology, and this strategy has significant advantages for enhancing the carbon emission reduction effect of new energy vehicles. The development of battery technology by the manufacturer not only directly contributes to the energy savings and emission reduction effect of new energy vehicles but also leads to an increase in the overall greenness of the components.</p>