<p>We are concerned with the existence of nodal solutions for the <i>n</i>-th order boundary value problem <Equation ID="Equ18"> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\( {\left\{ \begin{array}{ll} u^{(n)}(t)+a(t) f(u(t))=0, &amp; t\in (0,\pi ),\\ u^{(i)}(0)=0,\ &amp; i\in \{i_1,...,i_{n-m}\},\\ u^{(j)}(\pi )=0,\ &amp; j\in \{j_1,...,j_{m}\}, \end{array}\right. } \)</EquationSource> <EquationSource Format="MATHML"><math display="block"> <mfenced open="{"> <mrow> <mtable> <mtr> <mtd columnalign="left"> <mrow> <msup> <mi>u</mi> <mrow> <mo stretchy="false">(</mo> <mi>n</mi> <mo stretchy="false">)</mo> </mrow> </msup> <mrow> <mo stretchy="false">(</mo> <mi>t</mi> <mo stretchy="false">)</mo> </mrow> <mo>+</mo> <mi>a</mi> <mrow> <mo stretchy="false">(</mo> <mi>t</mi> <mo stretchy="false">)</mo> </mrow> <mi>f</mi> <mrow> <mo stretchy="false">(</mo> <mi>u</mi> <mrow> <mo stretchy="false">(</mo> <mi>t</mi> <mo stretchy="false">)</mo> </mrow> <mo stretchy="false">)</mo> </mrow> <mo>=</mo> <mn>0</mn> <mo>,</mo> </mrow> </mtd> <mtd columnalign="left"> <mrow> <mi>t</mi> <mo>∈</mo> <mo stretchy="false">(</mo> <mn>0</mn> <mo>,</mo> <mi>π</mi> <mo stretchy="false">)</mo> <mo>,</mo> </mrow> </mtd> </mtr> <mtr> <mtd columnalign="left"> <mrow> <mrow /> <msup> <mi>u</mi> <mrow> <mo stretchy="false">(</mo> <mi>i</mi> <mo stretchy="false">)</mo> </mrow> </msup> <mrow> <mo stretchy="false">(</mo> <mn>0</mn> <mo stretchy="false">)</mo> </mrow> <mo>=</mo> <mn>0</mn> <mo>,</mo> <mspace width="4pt" /> </mrow> </mtd> <mtd columnalign="left"> <mrow> <mi>i</mi> <mo>∈</mo> <mo stretchy="false">{</mo> <msub> <mi>i</mi> <mn>1</mn> </msub> <mo>,</mo> <mo>.</mo> <mo>.</mo> <mo>.</mo> <mo>,</mo> <msub> <mi>i</mi> <mrow> <mi>n</mi> <mo>-</mo> <mi>m</mi> </mrow> </msub> <mo stretchy="false">}</mo> <mo>,</mo> </mrow> </mtd> </mtr> <mtr> <mtd columnalign="left"> <mrow> <mrow /> <msup> <mi>u</mi> <mrow> <mo stretchy="false">(</mo> <mi>j</mi> <mo stretchy="false">)</mo> </mrow> </msup> <mrow> <mo stretchy="false">(</mo> <mi>π</mi> <mo stretchy="false">)</mo> </mrow> <mo>=</mo> <mn>0</mn> <mo>,</mo> <mspace width="4pt" /> </mrow> </mtd> <mtd columnalign="left"> <mrow> <mi>j</mi> <mo>∈</mo> <mo stretchy="false">{</mo> <msub> <mi>j</mi> <mn>1</mn> </msub> <mo>,</mo> <mo>.</mo> <mo>.</mo> <mo>.</mo> <mo>,</mo> <msub> <mi>j</mi> <mi>m</mi> </msub> <mo stretchy="false">}</mo> <mo>,</mo> </mrow> </mtd> </mtr> </mtable> </mrow> </mfenced> </math></EquationSource> </Equation>where <InlineEquation ID="IEq1"> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\(n\ge 2\)</EquationSource> <EquationSource Format="MATHML"><math> <mrow> <mi>n</mi> <mo>≥</mo> <mn>2</mn> </mrow> </math></EquationSource> </InlineEquation>, <InlineEquation ID="IEq2"> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\(1\le m\le n-1,\)</EquationSource> <EquationSource Format="MATHML"><math> <mrow> <mn>1</mn> <mo>≤</mo> <mi>m</mi> <mo>≤</mo> <mi>n</mi> <mo>-</mo> <mn>1</mn> <mo>,</mo> </mrow> </math></EquationSource> </InlineEquation> <InlineEquation ID="IEq3"> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\(\{i_1,...,i_{n-m}\},\)</EquationSource> <EquationSource Format="MATHML"><math> <mrow> <mo stretchy="false">{</mo> <msub> <mi>i</mi> <mn>1</mn> </msub> <mo>,</mo> <mo>.</mo> <mo>.</mo> <mo>.</mo> <mo>,</mo> <msub> <mi>i</mi> <mrow> <mi>n</mi> <mo>-</mo> <mi>m</mi> </mrow> </msub> <mo stretchy="false">}</mo> <mo>,</mo> </mrow> </math></EquationSource> </InlineEquation> <InlineEquation ID="IEq4"> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\(\{j_1,...,j_{m}\}\)</EquationSource> <EquationSource Format="MATHML"><math> <mrow> <mo stretchy="false">{</mo> <msub> <mi>j</mi> <mn>1</mn> </msub> <mo>,</mo> <mo>.</mo> <mo>.</mo> <mo>.</mo> <mo>,</mo> <msub> <mi>j</mi> <mi>m</mi> </msub> <mo stretchy="false">}</mo> </mrow> </math></EquationSource> </InlineEquation> are subsets of the set of integers in <InlineEquation ID="IEq5"> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\(\{0,..., n-1\}\)</EquationSource> <EquationSource Format="MATHML"><math> <mrow> <mo stretchy="false">{</mo> <mn>0</mn> <mo>,</mo> <mo>.</mo> <mo>.</mo> <mo>.</mo> <mo>,</mo> <mi>n</mi> <mo>-</mo> <mn>1</mn> <mo stretchy="false">}</mo> </mrow> </math></EquationSource> </InlineEquation>; <InlineEquation ID="IEq6"> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\(a:[0,\pi ]\rightarrow (-1)^m\mathbb {R}^{-}\)</EquationSource> <EquationSource Format="MATHML"><math> <mrow> <mi>a</mi> <mo>:</mo> <mrow> <mo stretchy="false">[</mo> <mn>0</mn> <mo>,</mo> <mi>π</mi> <mo stretchy="false">]</mo> </mrow> <mo stretchy="false">→</mo> <msup> <mrow> <mo stretchy="false">(</mo> <mo>-</mo> <mn>1</mn> <mo stretchy="false">)</mo> </mrow> <mi>m</mi> </msup> <msup> <mrow> <mi mathvariant="double-struck">R</mi> </mrow> <mo>-</mo> </msup> </mrow> </math></EquationSource> </InlineEquation> is continuous and does not vanish identically on any subinterval of <InlineEquation ID="IEq7"> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\([0, \pi ]\)</EquationSource> <EquationSource Format="MATHML"><math> <mrow> <mo stretchy="false">[</mo> <mn>0</mn> <mo>,</mo> <mi>π</mi> <mo stretchy="false">]</mo> </mrow> </math></EquationSource> </InlineEquation>; <InlineEquation ID="IEq8"> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\(f: \mathbb {R}\rightarrow \mathbb {R}\)</EquationSource> <EquationSource Format="MATHML"><math> <mrow> <mi>f</mi> <mo>:</mo> <mi mathvariant="double-struck">R</mi> <mo stretchy="false">→</mo> <mi mathvariant="double-struck">R</mi> </mrow> </math></EquationSource> </InlineEquation> is a continuous function. The proof of our main result is based upon bifurcation techniques.</p>

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Global Bifurcation of Nodal Solutions for Nonlinear n-th Order Boundary Value Problems

  • Ruyun Ma,
  • Xiaolei Tong

摘要

We are concerned with the existence of nodal solutions for the n-th order boundary value problem \( {\left\{ \begin{array}{ll} u^{(n)}(t)+a(t) f(u(t))=0, & t\in (0,\pi ),\\ u^{(i)}(0)=0,\ & i\in \{i_1,...,i_{n-m}\},\\ u^{(j)}(\pi )=0,\ & j\in \{j_1,...,j_{m}\}, \end{array}\right. } \) u ( n ) ( t ) + a ( t ) f ( u ( t ) ) = 0 , t ( 0 , π ) , u ( i ) ( 0 ) = 0 , i { i 1 , . . . , i n - m } , u ( j ) ( π ) = 0 , j { j 1 , . . . , j m } , where \(n\ge 2\) n 2 , \(1\le m\le n-1,\) 1 m n - 1 , \(\{i_1,...,i_{n-m}\},\) { i 1 , . . . , i n - m } , \(\{j_1,...,j_{m}\}\) { j 1 , . . . , j m } are subsets of the set of integers in \(\{0,..., n-1\}\) { 0 , . . . , n - 1 } ; \(a:[0,\pi ]\rightarrow (-1)^m\mathbb {R}^{-}\) a : [ 0 , π ] ( - 1 ) m R - is continuous and does not vanish identically on any subinterval of \([0, \pi ]\) [ 0 , π ] ; \(f: \mathbb {R}\rightarrow \mathbb {R}\) f : R R is a continuous function. The proof of our main result is based upon bifurcation techniques.