<p>This paper is based on the work [JDE, 2024, 396, 147-171], which gives that the general cubic polynomial differential system has an isochronous global center at the origin if and only if the system can be reduced to the form <InlineEquation ID="IEq1"> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\(\dot{x}=-y+ax^{2}\)</EquationSource> <EquationSource Format="MATHML"><math> <mrow> <mover accent="true"> <mi>x</mi> <mo>˙</mo> </mover> <mo>=</mo> <mo>-</mo> <mi>y</mi> <mo>+</mo> <mi>a</mi> <msup> <mi>x</mi> <mn>2</mn> </msup> </mrow> </math></EquationSource> </InlineEquation>, <InlineEquation ID="IEq2"> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\(\dot{y}=x-2axy+2a^{2}x^{3}\)</EquationSource> <EquationSource Format="MATHML"><math> <mrow> <mover accent="true"> <mi>y</mi> <mo>˙</mo> </mover> <mo>=</mo> <mi>x</mi> <mo>-</mo> <mn>2</mn> <mi>a</mi> <mi>x</mi> <mi>y</mi> <mo>+</mo> <mn>2</mn> <msup> <mi>a</mi> <mn>2</mn> </msup> <msup> <mi>x</mi> <mn>3</mn> </msup> </mrow> </math></EquationSource> </InlineEquation>. In this paper we discuss the monotonicity and the convexity of period function for the system <InlineEquation ID="IEq3"> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\(\dot{x}=-y+ax^{2}\)</EquationSource> <EquationSource Format="MATHML"><math> <mrow> <mover accent="true"> <mi>x</mi> <mo>˙</mo> </mover> <mo>=</mo> <mo>-</mo> <mi>y</mi> <mo>+</mo> <mi>a</mi> <msup> <mi>x</mi> <mn>2</mn> </msup> </mrow> </math></EquationSource> </InlineEquation>, <InlineEquation ID="IEq4"> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\(\dot{y}=x-2axy+bx^{3}\)</EquationSource> <EquationSource Format="MATHML"><math> <mrow> <mover accent="true"> <mi>y</mi> <mo>˙</mo> </mover> <mo>=</mo> <mi>x</mi> <mo>-</mo> <mn>2</mn> <mi>a</mi> <mi>x</mi> <mi>y</mi> <mo>+</mo> <mi>b</mi> <msup> <mi>x</mi> <mn>3</mn> </msup> </mrow> </math></EquationSource> </InlineEquation>, a more general form with a free coefficient <i>b</i> of the cubic term. We prove that the period function is strictly decreasing for <InlineEquation ID="IEq5"> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\(b&gt;2a^{2}\)</EquationSource> <EquationSource Format="MATHML"><math> <mrow> <mi>b</mi> <mo>&gt;</mo> <mn>2</mn> <msup> <mi>a</mi> <mn>2</mn> </msup> </mrow> </math></EquationSource> </InlineEquation>, isochronous for <InlineEquation ID="IEq6"> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\(b=2a^{2}\)</EquationSource> <EquationSource Format="MATHML"><math> <mrow> <mi>b</mi> <mo>=</mo> <mn>2</mn> <msup> <mi>a</mi> <mn>2</mn> </msup> </mrow> </math></EquationSource> </InlineEquation> and strictly increasing for <InlineEquation ID="IEq7"> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\(b&lt;2a^{2}\)</EquationSource> <EquationSource Format="MATHML"><math> <mrow> <mi>b</mi> <mo>&lt;</mo> <mn>2</mn> <msup> <mi>a</mi> <mn>2</mn> </msup> </mrow> </math></EquationSource> </InlineEquation>. Furthermore, we prove that the period function is convex for <InlineEquation ID="IEq8"> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\(b\ne 2a^{2}.\)</EquationSource> <EquationSource Format="MATHML"><math> <mrow> <mi>b</mi> <mo>≠</mo> <mn>2</mn> <msup> <mi>a</mi> <mn>2</mn> </msup> <mo>.</mo> </mrow> </math></EquationSource> </InlineEquation></p>

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Monotonicity and Convexity of period in a Nonhomogeneous Cubic System

  • Zhirong He,
  • Weinian Zhang,
  • Xiaoxiao Zheng

摘要

This paper is based on the work [JDE, 2024, 396, 147-171], which gives that the general cubic polynomial differential system has an isochronous global center at the origin if and only if the system can be reduced to the form \(\dot{x}=-y+ax^{2}\) x ˙ = - y + a x 2 , \(\dot{y}=x-2axy+2a^{2}x^{3}\) y ˙ = x - 2 a x y + 2 a 2 x 3 . In this paper we discuss the monotonicity and the convexity of period function for the system \(\dot{x}=-y+ax^{2}\) x ˙ = - y + a x 2 , \(\dot{y}=x-2axy+bx^{3}\) y ˙ = x - 2 a x y + b x 3 , a more general form with a free coefficient b of the cubic term. We prove that the period function is strictly decreasing for \(b>2a^{2}\) b > 2 a 2 , isochronous for \(b=2a^{2}\) b = 2 a 2 and strictly increasing for \(b<2a^{2}\) b < 2 a 2 . Furthermore, we prove that the period function is convex for \(b\ne 2a^{2}.\) b 2 a 2 .