<p>We consider the family of piecewise linear maps <Equation ID="Equ10"> <MediaObject> <ImageObject Color="BlackWhite" FileRef="12346_2025_1221_Article_Equ10.gif" Format="GIF" Height="20" Rendition="HTML" Resolution="72" Type="Linedraw" Width="269" /> </MediaObject> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\(\begin{aligned} F_{a,b}(x,y)=\left( |x| - y + a, x - |y| + b\right) , \end{aligned}\)</EquationSource> <EquationSource Format="MATHML"><math display="block"> <mrow> <mtable> <mtr> <mtd columnalign="right"> <mrow> <msub> <mi>F</mi> <mrow> <mi>a</mi> <mo>,</mo> <mi>b</mi> </mrow> </msub> <mrow> <mo stretchy="false">(</mo> <mi>x</mi> <mo>,</mo> <mi>y</mi> <mo stretchy="false">)</mo> </mrow> <mo>=</mo> <mfenced close=")" open="("> <mo stretchy="false">|</mo> <mi>x</mi> <mo stretchy="false">|</mo> <mo>-</mo> <mi>y</mi> <mo>+</mo> <mi>a</mi> <mo>,</mo> <mi>x</mi> <mo>-</mo> <mo stretchy="false">|</mo> <mi>y</mi> <mo stretchy="false">|</mo> <mo>+</mo> <mi>b</mi> </mfenced> <mo>,</mo> </mrow> </mtd> </mtr> </mtable> </mrow> </math></EquationSource> </Equation>where <InlineEquation ID="IEq1"> <InlineMediaObject> <ImageObject Color="BlackWhite" FileRef="12346_2025_1221_Article_IEq1.gif" Format="GIF" Height="20" Rendition="HTML" Resolution="72" Type="Linedraw" Width="75" /> </InlineMediaObject> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\((a,b)\in {{\mathbb {R}}}^2\)</EquationSource> <EquationSource Format="MATHML"><math> <mrow> <mrow> <mo stretchy="false">(</mo> <mi>a</mi> <mo>,</mo> <mi>b</mi> <mo stretchy="false">)</mo> </mrow> <mo>∈</mo> <msup> <mrow> <mi mathvariant="double-struck">R</mi> </mrow> <mn>2</mn> </msup> </mrow> </math></EquationSource> </InlineEquation>. This family belongs to a wider one that has deserved some interest in the recent years as it provides a framework for generalized Lozi-type maps. Among our results, we prove that for <InlineEquation ID="IEq2"> <InlineMediaObject> <ImageObject Color="BlackWhite" FileRef="12346_2025_1221_Article_IEq2.gif" Format="GIF" Height="15" Rendition="HTML" Resolution="72" Type="Linedraw" Width="41" /> </InlineMediaObject> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\(a\ge 0\)</EquationSource> <EquationSource Format="MATHML"><math> <mrow> <mi>a</mi> <mo>≥</mo> <mn>0</mn> </mrow> </math></EquationSource> </InlineEquation> all the orbits are eventually periodic and moreover that there are at most three different periodic behaviors formed by at most seven points. For <InlineEquation ID="IEq3"> <InlineMediaObject> <ImageObject Color="BlackWhite" FileRef="12346_2025_1221_Article_IEq3.gif" Format="GIF" Height="13" Rendition="HTML" Resolution="72" Type="Linedraw" Width="41" /> </InlineMediaObject> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\(a&lt;0\)</EquationSource> <EquationSource Format="MATHML"><math> <mrow> <mi>a</mi> <mo>&lt;</mo> <mn>0</mn> </mrow> </math></EquationSource> </InlineEquation> we prove that for each <InlineEquation ID="IEq4"> <InlineMediaObject> <ImageObject Color="BlackWhite" FileRef="12346_2025_1221_Article_IEq4.gif" Format="GIF" Height="15" Rendition="HTML" Resolution="72" Type="Linedraw" Width="40" /> </InlineMediaObject> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\(b\in {{\mathbb {R}}}\)</EquationSource> <EquationSource Format="MATHML"><math> <mrow> <mi>b</mi> <mo>∈</mo> <mi mathvariant="double-struck">R</mi> </mrow> </math></EquationSource> </InlineEquation> there exists a compact graph <InlineEquation ID="IEq5"> <InlineMediaObject> <ImageObject Color="BlackWhite" FileRef="12346_2025_1221_Article_IEq5.gif" Format="GIF" Height="17" Rendition="HTML" Resolution="72" Type="Linedraw" Width="17" /> </InlineMediaObject> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\(\Gamma ,\)</EquationSource> <EquationSource Format="MATHML"><math> <mrow> <mi mathvariant="normal">Γ</mi> <mo>,</mo> </mrow> </math></EquationSource> </InlineEquation> which is invariant under the map <i>F</i>, such that for each <InlineEquation ID="IEq6"> <InlineMediaObject> <ImageObject Color="BlackWhite" FileRef="12346_2025_1221_Article_IEq6.gif" Format="GIF" Height="20" Rendition="HTML" Resolution="72" Type="Linedraw" Width="77" /> </InlineMediaObject> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\((x,y)\in {{\mathbb {R}}}^2\)</EquationSource> <EquationSource Format="MATHML"><math> <mrow> <mrow> <mo stretchy="false">(</mo> <mi>x</mi> <mo>,</mo> <mi>y</mi> <mo stretchy="false">)</mo> </mrow> <mo>∈</mo> <msup> <mrow> <mi mathvariant="double-struck">R</mi> </mrow> <mn>2</mn> </msup> </mrow> </math></EquationSource> </InlineEquation> there exists <InlineEquation ID="IEq7"> <InlineMediaObject> <ImageObject Color="BlackWhite" FileRef="12346_2025_1221_Article_IEq7.gif" Format="GIF" Height="14" Rendition="HTML" Resolution="72" Type="Linedraw" Width="45" /> </InlineMediaObject> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\(n\in {\mathbb {N}}\)</EquationSource> <EquationSource Format="MATHML"><math> <mrow> <mi>n</mi> <mo>∈</mo> <mi mathvariant="double-struck">N</mi> </mrow> </math></EquationSource> </InlineEquation> (that may depend on <i>x</i>) such that <InlineEquation ID="IEq8"> <InlineMediaObject> <ImageObject Color="BlackWhite" FileRef="12346_2025_1221_Article_IEq8.gif" Format="GIF" Height="22" Rendition="HTML" Resolution="72" Type="Linedraw" Width="102" /> </InlineMediaObject> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\(F_{a,b}^n(x,y)\in \Gamma .\)</EquationSource> <EquationSource Format="MATHML"><math> <mrow> <msubsup> <mi>F</mi> <mrow> <mi>a</mi> <mo>,</mo> <mi>b</mi> </mrow> <mi>n</mi> </msubsup> <mrow> <mo stretchy="false">(</mo> <mi>x</mi> <mo>,</mo> <mi>y</mi> <mo stretchy="false">)</mo> </mrow> <mo>∈</mo> <mi mathvariant="normal">Γ</mi> <mo>.</mo> </mrow> </math></EquationSource> </InlineEquation> We give explicitly all these invariant graphs and we characterize the dynamics of the map restricted to the corresponding graph for all <InlineEquation ID="IEq9"> <InlineMediaObject> <ImageObject Color="BlackWhite" FileRef="12346_2025_1221_Article_IEq9.gif" Format="GIF" Height="20" Rendition="HTML" Resolution="72" Type="Linedraw" Width="75" /> </InlineMediaObject> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\((a,b)\in {\mathbb {R}}^2\)</EquationSource> <EquationSource Format="MATHML"><math> <mrow> <mrow> <mo stretchy="false">(</mo> <mi>a</mi> <mo>,</mo> <mi>b</mi> <mo stretchy="false">)</mo> </mrow> <mo>∈</mo> <msup> <mrow> <mi mathvariant="double-struck">R</mi> </mrow> <mn>2</mn> </msup> </mrow> </math></EquationSource> </InlineEquation> obtaining, among other results, a full characterization of when <InlineEquation ID="IEq10"> <InlineMediaObject> <ImageObject Color="BlackWhite" FileRef="12346_2025_1221_Article_IEq10.gif" Format="GIF" Height="20" Rendition="HTML" Resolution="72" Type="Linedraw" Width="40" /> </InlineMediaObject> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\(F_{a,b}|_{\Gamma }\)</EquationSource> <EquationSource Format="MATHML"><math> <mrow> <msub> <mi>F</mi> <mrow> <mi>a</mi> <mo>,</mo> <mi>b</mi> </mrow> </msub> <msub> <mrow> <mo stretchy="false">|</mo> </mrow> <mi mathvariant="normal">Γ</mi> </msub> </mrow> </math></EquationSource> </InlineEquation> has positive or zero entropy.</p>

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Invariant Graphs and Dynamics of a Family of Continuous Piecewise Linear Planar Maps

  • Anna Cima,
  • Armengol Gasull,
  • Víctor Mañosa,
  • Francesc Mañosas

摘要

We consider the family of piecewise linear maps \(\begin{aligned} F_{a,b}(x,y)=\left( |x| - y + a, x - |y| + b\right) , \end{aligned}\) F a , b ( x , y ) = | x | - y + a , x - | y | + b , where \((a,b)\in {{\mathbb {R}}}^2\) ( a , b ) R 2 . This family belongs to a wider one that has deserved some interest in the recent years as it provides a framework for generalized Lozi-type maps. Among our results, we prove that for \(a\ge 0\) a 0 all the orbits are eventually periodic and moreover that there are at most three different periodic behaviors formed by at most seven points. For \(a<0\) a < 0 we prove that for each \(b\in {{\mathbb {R}}}\) b R there exists a compact graph \(\Gamma ,\) Γ , which is invariant under the map F, such that for each \((x,y)\in {{\mathbb {R}}}^2\) ( x , y ) R 2 there exists \(n\in {\mathbb {N}}\) n N (that may depend on x) such that \(F_{a,b}^n(x,y)\in \Gamma .\) F a , b n ( x , y ) Γ . We give explicitly all these invariant graphs and we characterize the dynamics of the map restricted to the corresponding graph for all \((a,b)\in {\mathbb {R}}^2\) ( a , b ) R 2 obtaining, among other results, a full characterization of when \(F_{a,b}|_{\Gamma }\) F a , b | Γ has positive or zero entropy.