Background <p>Supportive and palliative care are core components of oncology. Gender-sensitive approaches recognize biological and social factors influencing symptoms, toxicity, psychosocial burden, and care concepts.</p> Objective <p>This work aimed to analyze how sex and gender influence symptom perception, symptom reporting, and access to supportive and palliative care.</p> Materials and methods <p>A narrative synthesis of publications, reviews, and meta-analyses on sex differences in toxicity, symptom burden, and informal caregiving was performed.</p> Results <p>Women experience higher treatment-related toxicity and report symptoms more frequently. Gender norms influence interpretation, service use, and the distribution of caregiving responsibilities. Clinical trials, treatment strategies, and care concepts currently do not adequately address sex and gender differences.</p> Conclusion <p>Gender-sensitive care requires structured symptom assessment, consideration of sex-based toxicity, and recognition of gendered caregiving to reduce inequities and improve the quality of care.</p>