Establishing a gravity observation system using a superconducting gravimeter: toward future applications

In 2023, a commercial superconducting gravimeter (iGrav S/N 055) was installed and became operational at the Gravity Continuous Observation Station (GCOS) of the Space Geodetic Observatory in Sejong, South Korea, marking a significant advancement in high-precision gravity monitoring. This installation enables continuous acquisition of high-quality gravity data, facilitating precise analysis of temporal gravity variations. To ensure stable operation and effective data processing, strategies were developed with consideration of local environmental conditions. These include the use of advanced frequency-domain techniques for noise reduction and the construction of a regional tidal model based on consistent and precise gravity observations. This study presents the methodology for accurate gravity monitoring using superconducting gravimeters, the approach for establishing a unified reference frame through future integration with VLBI, and potential geodetic applications. These efforts aim to improve gravity data reliability and enable meaningful comparisons with space geodetic observations. The station is expected to serve as a fundamental reference point for geodetic research, contributing to regional geoid modeling and the development of vertical datum systems. Furthermore, by linking gravity data with VLBI and GNSS, this research lays the groundwork for understanding Earth’s dynamic processes such as crustal deformation, tectonic activity, and environmental changes. The integration of these technologies offers valuable insights into Earth system dynamics and supports the advancement of modern geodesy.