<p>To fully leverage the strategic capabilities of petroleum geochemical exploration for “rapid regional assessment and target narrowing” and to accelerate hydrocarbon exploration in the Lindian area of the northern Songliao Basin, this study conducted a systematic geochemical survey in this region. Surface soil samples from the study area were comprehensively processed and characterized using multi-indicator geochemical analysis techniques (including measurements of acid-extracted hydrocarbon content, fluorescence spectroscopy scanning, and microbial community characterization). The study revealed that the area exhibits a distinct heterogeneous geochemical field pattern, with active hydrocarbon microseepage. Significant differences in hydrocarbon accumulation potential were observed between different structural units. Based on the integrated interpretation of comprehensive geochemical intensity anomalies and integrated fluctuation anomalies, favorable areas for oil and gas exploration have been delineated. These areas include the eastern-central and southwestern parts of LD 1, as well as the northeastern and southwestern parts of LD 3. In the eastern-central part of LD 1, the hydrocarbons are predominantly light oil and natural gas sourced from fault-controlled depression layers. In contrast, the remaining favorable areas are mainly mixed-source hydrocarbon potential zones, with contributions from both depression layers and fault-controlled depression layers. Coupling analysis of the regional fault system and anomaly distribution patterns confirmed that hydrocarbon migration is controlled by the fault structural system, wherein the developed fault networks constitute the primary conduits for hydrocarbon transport. Exploration wells can be deployed in the favorable zones, integrating geological and other geophysical data.</p>