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<p>Liquefaction is a critical geotechnical phenomenon that occurs when saturated, loose, and cohesionless soils lose their strength and stiffness due to seismic shaking, leading to severe ground deformations and structural failures. This issue is particularly concerning in rapidly urbanizing regions such as Bangladesh, where reclaimed land and uncontrolled development increase the vulnerability to earthquakes. The primary objective of this study is to assess the liquefaction potential in Dhaka’s reclaimed areas, which are primarily composed of dredged materials. To achieve this, in-situ tests were conducted using the Standard Penetration Test (SPT) and Cone Penetration Test (CPT) at various locations. The results indicated that SPT-N values ranged from 1 to 42, cone tip resistance from 0.17 to 18.58&#xa0;MPa, local friction values from 0 to 273.2&#xa0;kPa, and friction ratios from 0 to 9.34. Analysis of these values suggests a high probability of liquefaction in reclaimed areas, particularly within the depth range of 1.5 to 4.5&#xa0;m, where seismic loading is more likely to induce soil failure. The study highlights that these conditions significantly increase the risk of ground settlement, foundation failures, and structural tilting during earthquakes, posing a serious threat to infrastructure and urban stability. To mitigate liquefaction risks, the findings emphasize the necessity for comprehensive seismic hazard assessments, stricter building regulations, and improved infrastructure planning. Additionally, the study underscores the importance of integrating early warning systems and implementing ground improvement techniques to enhance soil stability in high-risk zones. The research also reinforces the need for using both CPT and SPT data in liquefaction assessments, as they provide complementary insights into soil behavior under seismic loading. Furthermore, the study identifies the peripheral reclaimed areas of Dhaka City as particularly vulnerable to liquefaction, posing significant challenges for sustainable urban development and infrastructure planning. These findings offer valuable guidance for earthquake risk management and can inform future construction and land-use strategies in Dhaka’s reclaimed regions.</p>

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Optimizing liquefaction risk assessment in reclaimed urban areas: a comprehensive analysis using SPT and CPT data

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2025年12月8日

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  • Md. Farden Ahosan Sakib,
  • Mushfika Ansary,
  • Eftyar Ahmed,
  • Joy Kumar Pandit,
  • Shoma Hore,
  • Ripon Hore,
  • Mehedi A. Ansary

摘要

Liquefaction is a critical geotechnical phenomenon that occurs when saturated, loose, and cohesionless soils lose their strength and stiffness due to seismic shaking, leading to severe ground deformations and structural failures. This issue is particularly concerning in rapidly urbanizing regions such as Bangladesh, where reclaimed land and uncontrolled development increase the vulnerability to earthquakes. The primary objective of this study is to assess the liquefaction potential in Dhaka’s reclaimed areas, which are primarily composed of dredged materials. To achieve this, in-situ tests were conducted using the Standard Penetration Test (SPT) and Cone Penetration Test (CPT) at various locations. The results indicated that SPT-N values ranged from 1 to 42, cone tip resistance from 0.17 to 18.58 MPa, local friction values from 0 to 273.2 kPa, and friction ratios from 0 to 9.34. Analysis of these values suggests a high probability of liquefaction in reclaimed areas, particularly within the depth range of 1.5 to 4.5 m, where seismic loading is more likely to induce soil failure. The study highlights that these conditions significantly increase the risk of ground settlement, foundation failures, and structural tilting during earthquakes, posing a serious threat to infrastructure and urban stability. To mitigate liquefaction risks, the findings emphasize the necessity for comprehensive seismic hazard assessments, stricter building regulations, and improved infrastructure planning. Additionally, the study underscores the importance of integrating early warning systems and implementing ground improvement techniques to enhance soil stability in high-risk zones. The research also reinforces the need for using both CPT and SPT data in liquefaction assessments, as they provide complementary insights into soil behavior under seismic loading. Furthermore, the study identifies the peripheral reclaimed areas of Dhaka City as particularly vulnerable to liquefaction, posing significant challenges for sustainable urban development and infrastructure planning. These findings offer valuable guidance for earthquake risk management and can inform future construction and land-use strategies in Dhaka’s reclaimed regions.