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<p>Groundwater is an essential resource for water supplies for domestic, agricultural, and industrial usage in all localities. Analyzing the geochemical characteristics is significant for the sustainable management of groundwater resources. This study investigated 157 groundwater samples of the Tonk District of Rajasthan, India, from the unconfined and semi-confined aquifer. Hydrochemical and spatial plot results showed that the water quality data of groundwater reflects diversity in major ion concentrations. The hydrochemical facies from Piper, Chaddha, and Durov plots indicate that Na-Cl and mixed types are dominant hydrochemical facies. Gibbs plot indicates that rock-water interaction is the major mechanism responsible for the chemical evolution of groundwater in the Tonk region. Chloro Alkali Index, bivariate plot, and Saturation Index suggest that weathering and dissolution of aluminosilicates, along with cation exchange, are dominant processes in the region. This integrated approach was effective in calibrating the influence of regional geology on groundwater chemistry. The current research concluded that the groundwater chemistry of the region is significantly influenced by the geogenic effect due to the chemical reaction between the rock and the groundwater.</p>

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Hydrogeochemical appraisal of groundwater quality of Tonk district, Rajasthan, India

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2025年7月18日

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  • Vivek Deep,
  • Ronak Jain,
  • Savita Kumari,
  • Abhilasha Singh,
  • Monika Yadav

摘要

Groundwater is an essential resource for water supplies for domestic, agricultural, and industrial usage in all localities. Analyzing the geochemical characteristics is significant for the sustainable management of groundwater resources. This study investigated 157 groundwater samples of the Tonk District of Rajasthan, India, from the unconfined and semi-confined aquifer. Hydrochemical and spatial plot results showed that the water quality data of groundwater reflects diversity in major ion concentrations. The hydrochemical facies from Piper, Chaddha, and Durov plots indicate that Na-Cl and mixed types are dominant hydrochemical facies. Gibbs plot indicates that rock-water interaction is the major mechanism responsible for the chemical evolution of groundwater in the Tonk region. Chloro Alkali Index, bivariate plot, and Saturation Index suggest that weathering and dissolution of aluminosilicates, along with cation exchange, are dominant processes in the region. This integrated approach was effective in calibrating the influence of regional geology on groundwater chemistry. The current research concluded that the groundwater chemistry of the region is significantly influenced by the geogenic effect due to the chemical reaction between the rock and the groundwater.