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<p>X-ray diffraction, X-ray fluorescence, and microscopic methods and profile study have been used to determine mineralogical, geochemical, and lithological features of alluvial gold deposits in the Betare-Oya area in the eastern region of Cameroon. The following results were obtained: the lithological profile of the deposits consists mainly of top to bottom, layers of humus, clay, sand, gravel, and bedrock. The depth of the profiles varies between 250–700&#xa0;cm and these layers rest on a granitic, quartzitic, gneissic, or schistose bedrock. Microscopic study of the polish section reveals the presence of some characteristic minerals such as sphene, hornblende, and augite which belong to plutonic and metamorphic processions, respectively. The mineralogical composition consists mainly of quartz, feldspars, illite, kaolinite, chlorite/smectite, and smectite/chlorite derived from moderate to intensive weathered and erosion under a warm and humid climate. The sediments that constitute the study area’s alluvial gold deposits are mostly classified in the wacke, arkose, and litharenite classes. The chemical index of alteration (CIA) and the index of compositional variability (ICV) indicate that the sediments are geochemically mature and derived from moderate to intense weathered sources. The values of the Al<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub>/TiO<sub>2</sub> ratio show that the alluvial deposit of the Betare-Oya area are mainly derived from intermediate source (72.7% of the sample); felsic igneous (13.6%) and mafic material (4.5%). The discriminant plot shows a quartzose sedimentary provenance of the sediments. The sediments are dominated by Fe, Ti, and K elements, and clay minerals that recall ferritic soils and indicate intensive laterization. The tectonic setting diagrams suggest collision events and indicate a passive margin source of the sediments. The predicting gold map confirmed that the alluvial deposits of the Betare-Oya area have a significant gold potential, but the N–W zone of the study area is richer than the S–E zone. The origin of gold in the study area can be found mainly in igneous and metamorphic rocks.</p>

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Mineralogical and geochemical characterization of alluvial gold deposits in the Betare-Oya area (eastern Cameroon)

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2025年5月23日

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  • Daniel Mackaire Eloung Nna,
  • Alexis Jacob Nyangono Abolo,
  • Joseph Quentin Yene Atangana,
  • Augustin Désiré Balla Ondoa,
  • Paul Désiré Ndjigui

摘要

X-ray diffraction, X-ray fluorescence, and microscopic methods and profile study have been used to determine mineralogical, geochemical, and lithological features of alluvial gold deposits in the Betare-Oya area in the eastern region of Cameroon. The following results were obtained: the lithological profile of the deposits consists mainly of top to bottom, layers of humus, clay, sand, gravel, and bedrock. The depth of the profiles varies between 250–700 cm and these layers rest on a granitic, quartzitic, gneissic, or schistose bedrock. Microscopic study of the polish section reveals the presence of some characteristic minerals such as sphene, hornblende, and augite which belong to plutonic and metamorphic processions, respectively. The mineralogical composition consists mainly of quartz, feldspars, illite, kaolinite, chlorite/smectite, and smectite/chlorite derived from moderate to intensive weathered and erosion under a warm and humid climate. The sediments that constitute the study area’s alluvial gold deposits are mostly classified in the wacke, arkose, and litharenite classes. The chemical index of alteration (CIA) and the index of compositional variability (ICV) indicate that the sediments are geochemically mature and derived from moderate to intense weathered sources. The values of the Al2O3/TiO2 ratio show that the alluvial deposit of the Betare-Oya area are mainly derived from intermediate source (72.7% of the sample); felsic igneous (13.6%) and mafic material (4.5%). The discriminant plot shows a quartzose sedimentary provenance of the sediments. The sediments are dominated by Fe, Ti, and K elements, and clay minerals that recall ferritic soils and indicate intensive laterization. The tectonic setting diagrams suggest collision events and indicate a passive margin source of the sediments. The predicting gold map confirmed that the alluvial deposits of the Betare-Oya area have a significant gold potential, but the N–W zone of the study area is richer than the S–E zone. The origin of gold in the study area can be found mainly in igneous and metamorphic rocks.