<p>Land subsidence in mining areas is a complex phenomenon shaped by environmental conditions and human activities. Traditional subsidence detection methods often focus on individual locations, which limits the understanding of surface dynamics and the underlying mechanisms of subsidence. To address this limitation, we propose Enhanced Short Baseline Subset InSAR (ESBAS-InSAR), which improves vertical subsidence inversion by optimizing the spatial density and quality of observation points, considering both spatial and temporal factors in mining areas. We applied Moran’s <i>I</i> index and Parzen window estimation to quantify the spatiotemporal distribution and evolution of subsidence. To explore the driving mechanisms of land subsidence, we used the Geodetector to account for the spatial heterogeneity of environmental factors. A case study at the Dagushan open-pit mine demonstrated that ESBAS-InSAR enhanced the density of measurement points (MPs) in low-coherence areas, allowing for the acquisition of reliable subsidence data. The results indicated that the subsidence area expanded from the northwest to the southeast, with a spatial evolution from isolated spots to contiguous blocks. The spatiotemporal variations demonstrated significant stratified heterogeneity and local aggregation, primarily related to the Normalized Difference Vegetation Index. Additionally, terrain features such as aspect and elevation were correlated with these variations, and the combined interactions of these factors further amplified their impact on land subsidence. This study offers valuable insights into the spatiotemporal dynamics of long-term land subsidence in open-pit mining areas, contributing to a better understanding of geological hazards and effective hazard prevention strategies.</p>