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<p>Low nitrogen use efficiency in rice has increased interest in foliar nano-urea (NU) as a supplement to reduced soil-applied nitrogen. The study evaluated basmati rice (<i>Oryza sativa</i> L., var. Pusa Basmati-1692) under 100% recommended N dose (RDN) as soil-applied urea, 75% RDN + two foliar sprays of prilled urea (75RDN + PU), and 75% RDN + foliar NU at 4&#xa0;mL L<sup>−1</sup> (75RDN + NU). Detailed physiological, biophysical, plant N and soil N observations were made in 2022, and field yield performance was evaluated over 2&#xa0;years. Across the 2-year field dataset, 75RDN + NU maintained grain yield statistically at par with RDN-only, although yields were numerically lower by 8.7% in 2022 and 6.5% in 2023. In the detailed 2022 field experiment, plant N uptake did not differ significantly among treatments, despite the 25% lower soil-applied N under the two foliar-supplemented treatments. Physiological responses were stage dependent. RDN-only showed stronger early pigment status and photosynthetic performance, while 75RDN + NU showed higher pigment concentration at anthesis but no consistent improvement in photosynthetic rate, water-use efficiency, or radiation-use efficiency, while total N uptake remained statistically comparable among treatments. Post-harvest mineral N pools varied among treatments, but total residual mineral N remained broadly comparable. Overall, 75RDN + NU maintained field yield under 25% lower soil-applied N, but did not demonstrate clear physiological or N-uptake superiority over RDN-only. Longer multi-season, multi-location and dose-timing studies are needed before recommending foliar NU as a reliable partial substitute for soil-applied N in rice.</p>

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Response of rice (Oryza sativa L.) to partial replacement of recommended nitrogen through foliar-applied prilled and nano-urea

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年8月4日

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  • Suman Dagar,
  • Bharath Chandra K,
  • Vijay Paul,
  • Pravin Kumar Upadhyay,
  • Rakesh Pandey,
  • Achchhelal Yadav,
  • Mahesh C. Meena,
  • Abir Dey,
  • Debashis Chakraborty

摘要

Low nitrogen use efficiency in rice has increased interest in foliar nano-urea (NU) as a supplement to reduced soil-applied nitrogen. The study evaluated basmati rice (Oryza sativa L., var. Pusa Basmati-1692) under 100% recommended N dose (RDN) as soil-applied urea, 75% RDN + two foliar sprays of prilled urea (75RDN + PU), and 75% RDN + foliar NU at 4 mL L−1 (75RDN + NU). Detailed physiological, biophysical, plant N and soil N observations were made in 2022, and field yield performance was evaluated over 2 years. Across the 2-year field dataset, 75RDN + NU maintained grain yield statistically at par with RDN-only, although yields were numerically lower by 8.7% in 2022 and 6.5% in 2023. In the detailed 2022 field experiment, plant N uptake did not differ significantly among treatments, despite the 25% lower soil-applied N under the two foliar-supplemented treatments. Physiological responses were stage dependent. RDN-only showed stronger early pigment status and photosynthetic performance, while 75RDN + NU showed higher pigment concentration at anthesis but no consistent improvement in photosynthetic rate, water-use efficiency, or radiation-use efficiency, while total N uptake remained statistically comparable among treatments. Post-harvest mineral N pools varied among treatments, but total residual mineral N remained broadly comparable. Overall, 75RDN + NU maintained field yield under 25% lower soil-applied N, but did not demonstrate clear physiological or N-uptake superiority over RDN-only. Longer multi-season, multi-location and dose-timing studies are needed before recommending foliar NU as a reliable partial substitute for soil-applied N in rice.