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<p>As a widespread environmental issue, soil salinization adversely affects plant growth and productivity. Carotenoids are important photosynthetic pigments with strong antioxidant activity, which can improve the tolerance of plants to abiotic stress by quenching reactive oxygen species (ROS) through the xanthophyll cycle. Through salt stress treatment on <i>Chrysanthemum indicum</i> and utilizing quantitative real-time PCR technology (qRT-PCR), carotenoid synthesis-related genes were screened, and the β-carotene hydroxylase (<i>BCH</i>) gene was localized. The <i>CiBCH</i> gene and its promoter were cloned from <i>C. indicum</i>, and the activation activity of the <i>CiBCH</i> gene promoter indicated its response to salt stress. Functional validation of <i>CiBCH</i> through overexpression in Arabidopsis showed that, under salt stress, transgenic plants exhibited significantly reduced accumulations of malondialdehyde (MDA), hydrogen peroxide (H₂O₂), and superoxide anion (O₂⁻) compared to their wild-type (WT) counterparts. Concurrently, the <i>CiBCH</i> not only influences the carotenoid biosynthesis network in Arabidopsis but also synergistically enhances the expression of related genes and the biosynthesis of carotenoids, thereby promoting the accumulation of their downstream product, abscisic acid (ABA). Additionally, the transgenic lines exhibited significantly enhanced activity of antioxidant enzymes along with upregulated expression of ROS scavenging genes compared to WT. In conclusion, this study demonstrates that <i>CiBCH</i> regulates plant oxidative stress responses through multiple mechanisms: inhibition of photosynthetic pigment degradation, influence on carotenoid biosynthesis, promotion of endogenous ABA accumulation, and enhancement of antioxidant enzyme activities. These findings provide a foundation for further investigation of <i>BCH</i> functions.</p>

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Overexpression of β-carotene hydroxylase gene (CiBCH) enhances salt stress tolerance in Arabidopsis thaliana

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年6月23日

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  • Ying Sun,
  • Ying Song,
  • Shuaitong Zang,
  • Ruiqing Zhang,
  • Hongyao Li,
  • Qiang Li,
  • Liran Yue,
  • Changle Liu,
  • Miao He

摘要

As a widespread environmental issue, soil salinization adversely affects plant growth and productivity. Carotenoids are important photosynthetic pigments with strong antioxidant activity, which can improve the tolerance of plants to abiotic stress by quenching reactive oxygen species (ROS) through the xanthophyll cycle. Through salt stress treatment on Chrysanthemum indicum and utilizing quantitative real-time PCR technology (qRT-PCR), carotenoid synthesis-related genes were screened, and the β-carotene hydroxylase (BCH) gene was localized. The CiBCH gene and its promoter were cloned from C. indicum, and the activation activity of the CiBCH gene promoter indicated its response to salt stress. Functional validation of CiBCH through overexpression in Arabidopsis showed that, under salt stress, transgenic plants exhibited significantly reduced accumulations of malondialdehyde (MDA), hydrogen peroxide (H₂O₂), and superoxide anion (O₂⁻) compared to their wild-type (WT) counterparts. Concurrently, the CiBCH not only influences the carotenoid biosynthesis network in Arabidopsis but also synergistically enhances the expression of related genes and the biosynthesis of carotenoids, thereby promoting the accumulation of their downstream product, abscisic acid (ABA). Additionally, the transgenic lines exhibited significantly enhanced activity of antioxidant enzymes along with upregulated expression of ROS scavenging genes compared to WT. In conclusion, this study demonstrates that CiBCH regulates plant oxidative stress responses through multiple mechanisms: inhibition of photosynthetic pigment degradation, influence on carotenoid biosynthesis, promotion of endogenous ABA accumulation, and enhancement of antioxidant enzyme activities. These findings provide a foundation for further investigation of BCH functions.