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Background <p>Secondary metabolites are the natural products synthesized by plants and microorganisms in order to cope with the biotic and abiotic stresses. <i>Curculigo orchioides</i> is a well-known plant for therapeutic purposes due to the presence of many bioactive compounds. Curculigoside is the characteristic phenolic glycoside isolated from the plant. In this work, we explored the additive role of exogenous precursors l-phenylalanine and l-tyrosine on the biosynthesis of curculigoside through quantitative estimation of secondary metabolites, HPTLC metabolic profiling, and analysis of gene expression and enzyme activities after optimizing the concentration of precursors and duration of feeding.</p> Results <p>200µM concentration of precursors for 4&#xa0;h feeding was found to be the optimum for the maximum production of polyphenols in this plant. Flavonoids were noticed to be decreasing at the optimum conditions. Precursor feeding induced the phenylpropanoid enzymes PAL and TAL activities, while the possibility of the presence of a bifunctional P/TAL gene was meagre. <i>ADT</i> (EC 4.2.1.91), <i>ADH</i> (EC 1.3.1.78) and <i>PAL</i> (E.C.4.3.1.24) genes were expressed differentially in leaf and rhizome in response to precursors. Precursor feeding increased the activity of antioxidant enzymes, peroxidase and catalase as well as the antioxidant efficiency of the plant. Though both precursors intensified the curculigoside content in the plant as per the HPTLC metabolite profiling, l-tyrosine holds the remarkable stand.</p> Conclusion <p>This exploration scrutinized the likely role of upstream precursors tyrosine and phenylalanine in curculigoside biosynthesis. Biochemical and molecular level evaluation on enzymes and genes suggested the greater potential of tyrosine than phenylalanine upon curculigoside enhancement. These findings open the way for further molecular level investigation through multiomics approaches by eliciting the catalytic genes with exogenous tyrosine to elucidate the unknown pathway en route to the biogenesis of curculigoside in <i>C. orchioides</i>.</p>

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L-phenylalanine- and L-tyrosine- mediated modulation of phenylpropanoid pathway genes enhances antioxidant potential and curculigoside accumulation in Curculigo orchioides Gaertn.

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年4月11日

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  • Poozhithodikovilingal Subrahmanian Anila,
  • Padmanabhan Jayanthikumari Vivek,
  • Mannarath Aswini,
  • Resmi MS

摘要

Background

Secondary metabolites are the natural products synthesized by plants and microorganisms in order to cope with the biotic and abiotic stresses. Curculigo orchioides is a well-known plant for therapeutic purposes due to the presence of many bioactive compounds. Curculigoside is the characteristic phenolic glycoside isolated from the plant. In this work, we explored the additive role of exogenous precursors l-phenylalanine and l-tyrosine on the biosynthesis of curculigoside through quantitative estimation of secondary metabolites, HPTLC metabolic profiling, and analysis of gene expression and enzyme activities after optimizing the concentration of precursors and duration of feeding.

Results

200µM concentration of precursors for 4 h feeding was found to be the optimum for the maximum production of polyphenols in this plant. Flavonoids were noticed to be decreasing at the optimum conditions. Precursor feeding induced the phenylpropanoid enzymes PAL and TAL activities, while the possibility of the presence of a bifunctional P/TAL gene was meagre. ADT (EC 4.2.1.91), ADH (EC 1.3.1.78) and PAL (E.C.4.3.1.24) genes were expressed differentially in leaf and rhizome in response to precursors. Precursor feeding increased the activity of antioxidant enzymes, peroxidase and catalase as well as the antioxidant efficiency of the plant. Though both precursors intensified the curculigoside content in the plant as per the HPTLC metabolite profiling, l-tyrosine holds the remarkable stand.

Conclusion

This exploration scrutinized the likely role of upstream precursors tyrosine and phenylalanine in curculigoside biosynthesis. Biochemical and molecular level evaluation on enzymes and genes suggested the greater potential of tyrosine than phenylalanine upon curculigoside enhancement. These findings open the way for further molecular level investigation through multiomics approaches by eliciting the catalytic genes with exogenous tyrosine to elucidate the unknown pathway en route to the biogenesis of curculigoside in C. orchioides.