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<p>Drought stress significantly limits wheat productivity, posing a serious challenge to global food security. In this study, we examined the rhizosphere metabolomic profiles, yield traits, and root anatomical adaptations of two wheat varieties: Pakistan-2013 (PK-13) and Dharabhi-2011 (DH-11), under progressive drought stress (5, 10, and 15&#xa0;days after irrigation) compared to well-watered controls. DH-11 consistently outperformed PK-13 in grain yield, plant height, and biomass accumulation, as confirmed by drought tolerance indices. Biochemical analyses revealed lower oxidative damage in DH-11, with reduced membrane injury and lipid peroxidation, associated with elevated proline levels and antioxidant enzyme activity under stress. Root anatomical analysis indicated that at 15 DAI, DH-11 roots had remarkable increases in length (10.01%), root number density (38.74%), and root area (34.16%) compared to PK-13. Metabolomic profiling of PK-13 and DH-11 detected 111 and 174 differentially accumulated metabolites (DAMs), respectively. Under drought stress, DH-11 showed upregulation of the critical amino acids (e.g., phenylalanine, methionine, tryptophan, threonine) and other metabolites like pyroglutamic acid and acetamide, indicating increased functions in osmoprotection, signaling, and stress-related metabolic regulation. These findings highlight the potential of combining metabolomics with root phenotyping to guide climate-resilient wheat breeding strategies.</p>

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Integrative analysis of rhizosphere metabolomics and root anatomical adaptations in wheat under drought stress: comparative insights from DH-11 and PK-13

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年3月5日

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  • Sohail Ahmed,
  • Muhammad Kaleem Samma,
  • Faisal Mehdi,
  • Kamran Yaqoub,
  • Manzer H. Siddiqui,
  • Amna Jabbar Siddiqui,
  • Syed Ghulam Musharraf,
  • Saddia Galani,
  • Zubia Rashid,
  • Hania Ahmed

摘要

Drought stress significantly limits wheat productivity, posing a serious challenge to global food security. In this study, we examined the rhizosphere metabolomic profiles, yield traits, and root anatomical adaptations of two wheat varieties: Pakistan-2013 (PK-13) and Dharabhi-2011 (DH-11), under progressive drought stress (5, 10, and 15 days after irrigation) compared to well-watered controls. DH-11 consistently outperformed PK-13 in grain yield, plant height, and biomass accumulation, as confirmed by drought tolerance indices. Biochemical analyses revealed lower oxidative damage in DH-11, with reduced membrane injury and lipid peroxidation, associated with elevated proline levels and antioxidant enzyme activity under stress. Root anatomical analysis indicated that at 15 DAI, DH-11 roots had remarkable increases in length (10.01%), root number density (38.74%), and root area (34.16%) compared to PK-13. Metabolomic profiling of PK-13 and DH-11 detected 111 and 174 differentially accumulated metabolites (DAMs), respectively. Under drought stress, DH-11 showed upregulation of the critical amino acids (e.g., phenylalanine, methionine, tryptophan, threonine) and other metabolites like pyroglutamic acid and acetamide, indicating increased functions in osmoprotection, signaling, and stress-related metabolic regulation. These findings highlight the potential of combining metabolomics with root phenotyping to guide climate-resilient wheat breeding strategies.