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<p>Chromium (Cr) contamination in soil presents significant environmental challenges, negatively impacting plant growth and soil health. This study examines the combined effects of <i>Trichoderma yunnanense</i> (NBRICRF_97) and sugarcane bagasse biochar (SBC) on <i>Ocimum basilicum</i> L. under Cr stress over 90&#xa0;days. <i>T. yunnanense</i> exhibited key plant growth-promoting traits, including siderophore production, phosphate solubilization (242.12&#xa0;µg L⁻<sup>1</sup>), and auxin synthesis (195.24&#xa0;µg&#xa0;mL⁻<sup>1</sup>). The synergistic application of the fungus and biochar significantly improved soil quality by reducing the Cr uptake by the plant. Hexavalent chromium [Cr(VI)] content was reduced by 84.1%, demonstrating the strong detoxification capacity of the biochar–fungal consortium. Metal partitioning in <i>O. basilicum</i> revealed organ-specific variations. In roots, Mg and Fe increased by 15.4% and 12.1%, whereas Cr, Cu, Ni, Zn, and Cr(VI) decreased by 40–55%. Stem tissues exhibited increases in Mg (7.2%) and Fe (33.7%), alongside reductions in Cr, Co, Ni, Zn, and Cu (35–58%). In leaves, Mg increased by 5.3% and Fe by 60.2%, while Cr, Co, Ni, Zn, and Cu declined by 35–58%. Importantly, Cr(VI) was undetectable in aerial tissues, indicating restricted root-to-shoot mobility. Collectively, the integration of <i>T. yunnanense</i> with SBC enhanced soil fertility and microbial activity while reducing Cr(VI) bioavailability and limiting its translocation, offering a sustainable remediation strategy.</p> Graphical abstract <p></p>

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Mitigation of chromium toxicity in Ocimum basilicum L. under the synergistic impact of biochar and Trichoderma yunnanense (NBRICRF_97)

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2025年10月30日

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  • Priya Dubey,
  • Aditi Roy,
  • Sandhya Mishra,
  • Sampurna Nand,
  • Mariya Naseem,
  • Ruchi Chauhan,
  • Alvina Farooqui,
  • Anju Patel,
  • Puja Khare,
  • Pankaj Kumar Srivastava

摘要

Chromium (Cr) contamination in soil presents significant environmental challenges, negatively impacting plant growth and soil health. This study examines the combined effects of Trichoderma yunnanense (NBRICRF_97) and sugarcane bagasse biochar (SBC) on Ocimum basilicum L. under Cr stress over 90 days. T. yunnanense exhibited key plant growth-promoting traits, including siderophore production, phosphate solubilization (242.12 µg L⁻1), and auxin synthesis (195.24 µg mL⁻1). The synergistic application of the fungus and biochar significantly improved soil quality by reducing the Cr uptake by the plant. Hexavalent chromium [Cr(VI)] content was reduced by 84.1%, demonstrating the strong detoxification capacity of the biochar–fungal consortium. Metal partitioning in O. basilicum revealed organ-specific variations. In roots, Mg and Fe increased by 15.4% and 12.1%, whereas Cr, Cu, Ni, Zn, and Cr(VI) decreased by 40–55%. Stem tissues exhibited increases in Mg (7.2%) and Fe (33.7%), alongside reductions in Cr, Co, Ni, Zn, and Cu (35–58%). In leaves, Mg increased by 5.3% and Fe by 60.2%, while Cr, Co, Ni, Zn, and Cu declined by 35–58%. Importantly, Cr(VI) was undetectable in aerial tissues, indicating restricted root-to-shoot mobility. Collectively, the integration of T. yunnanense with SBC enhanced soil fertility and microbial activity while reducing Cr(VI) bioavailability and limiting its translocation, offering a sustainable remediation strategy.

Graphical abstract