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<p>Vanadium (V) contamination, originating from both natural geochemical processes and anthropogenic pollution, poses a significant threat to plant health and soil ecosystems. This study investigates the protective role of 2,4-epibrassinolide (EBR) against V-induced phytotoxicity in maize (<i>Zea mays</i> L.). Seedlings were subjected to eight treatments combining V stress with foliar-applied EBR at varying concentrations. Results demonstrated that V exposure severely inhibited shoot and root biomass accumulation, photosynthetic activity, and chlorophyll content. Crucially, the EBR application mitigated these detrimental effects induced by V stress. EBR enhanced the activities of key antioxidant defense enzymes such as superoxide dismutase, peroxide, and catalase. EBR also elevated levels of osmoregulatory substances, including soluble sugar and soluble protein, while simultaneously reducing malondialdehyde accumulation. Furthermore, EBR alleviated V toxicity by modulating key enzymes involved in nitrogen metabolism, including nitrate reductase, glutamate synthase, glutamine synthase, and glutamate dehydrogenase. Collectively, these physiological responses promoted the growth and development of maize seedlings. These findings elucidate the multifaceted mechanism underpinning EBR-mediated stress mitigation and support its application as a viable strategy for bolstering plant resilience in metal-contaminated soils.</p>

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Mitigation of vanadium-induced phytotoxicity in maize: regulatory role of 2,4-epibrassinolide in growth and antioxidative defense mechanisms

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2025年9月16日

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  • Yanhua Li,
  • Zhe Wang,
  • Prakash Bhuyar

摘要

Vanadium (V) contamination, originating from both natural geochemical processes and anthropogenic pollution, poses a significant threat to plant health and soil ecosystems. This study investigates the protective role of 2,4-epibrassinolide (EBR) against V-induced phytotoxicity in maize (Zea mays L.). Seedlings were subjected to eight treatments combining V stress with foliar-applied EBR at varying concentrations. Results demonstrated that V exposure severely inhibited shoot and root biomass accumulation, photosynthetic activity, and chlorophyll content. Crucially, the EBR application mitigated these detrimental effects induced by V stress. EBR enhanced the activities of key antioxidant defense enzymes such as superoxide dismutase, peroxide, and catalase. EBR also elevated levels of osmoregulatory substances, including soluble sugar and soluble protein, while simultaneously reducing malondialdehyde accumulation. Furthermore, EBR alleviated V toxicity by modulating key enzymes involved in nitrogen metabolism, including nitrate reductase, glutamate synthase, glutamine synthase, and glutamate dehydrogenase. Collectively, these physiological responses promoted the growth and development of maize seedlings. These findings elucidate the multifaceted mechanism underpinning EBR-mediated stress mitigation and support its application as a viable strategy for bolstering plant resilience in metal-contaminated soils.