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<p>Toxic heavy metal (THM) contamination largely driven by excessive use of synthetic chemicals, mining activities, pharmaceutical products, and industrial effluents, thretens water quality, soil fertility, crop productivity, that ultimately harms both plant and human health. Addressing this global environmental concern requires sustainable and eco-friendly remediation strategies. Present review highlights the pivotal role of microbial communities, whose enzymatic activity and secondary metabolites, such as metalloproteins, siderophores, and exopolysaccharides, and others, facilitate the adsorption, transformation, detoxification of THMs. Additionally, Biochar is highlighted as a promising amendment for mitigating THM pollution due to its ability to absorb and remove THMs, and improve the nutritional value of plants. The integration of biochar with beneficial microbes fosters a synergistic approach, amplifying THM removal efficiency, minimizing toxicity, and promoting plant health. The synergistic application of biochar and microorganism not only enhances the efficiency of heavy metal removal but also contributes to environmental protection and sustainable agriculture. This review article emphasizes the potential natural systems to combat heavy metal contamination, offering practical insights in their application for soil health improvement and global environmental safety.</p>

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A review on simultaneous use of microbes and biochar for removal of toxic heavy metals: Recent updates and future outlooks

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2025年9月11日

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  • Prabhat K. Chauhan,
  • Sudhir K. Upadhyay,
  • Avnish Chauhan,
  • Rakesh Bhutiani,
  • R. L. S. Sikarwar,
  • Mahendra Kumar Tiwari

摘要

Toxic heavy metal (THM) contamination largely driven by excessive use of synthetic chemicals, mining activities, pharmaceutical products, and industrial effluents, thretens water quality, soil fertility, crop productivity, that ultimately harms both plant and human health. Addressing this global environmental concern requires sustainable and eco-friendly remediation strategies. Present review highlights the pivotal role of microbial communities, whose enzymatic activity and secondary metabolites, such as metalloproteins, siderophores, and exopolysaccharides, and others, facilitate the adsorption, transformation, detoxification of THMs. Additionally, Biochar is highlighted as a promising amendment for mitigating THM pollution due to its ability to absorb and remove THMs, and improve the nutritional value of plants. The integration of biochar with beneficial microbes fosters a synergistic approach, amplifying THM removal efficiency, minimizing toxicity, and promoting plant health. The synergistic application of biochar and microorganism not only enhances the efficiency of heavy metal removal but also contributes to environmental protection and sustainable agriculture. This review article emphasizes the potential natural systems to combat heavy metal contamination, offering practical insights in their application for soil health improvement and global environmental safety.