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<p>Arsenic (As) contamination is a major global environmental concern that severely hampers crop productivity. Traditional chemical fertilizers, though widely used, can exacerbate toxicity when over applied, negatively impacting both plant health and the environment. Nanotechnology- A eco-friendly approach, offers promising alternatives. In this study, iron nanoparticles (FeNPs) were green-synthesized using tea waste and employed to mitigate As stress in three wheat (<i>Triticum aestivum</i> L.) cultivars: HD2824, HD3171, and HD2733, commonly grown in As-contaminated regions of India. The FeNPs were characterized using Fourier Transform Infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), X-ray diffraction (XRD), and Transmission Electron Microscopy (TEM), confirming the presence of key functional groups (C = O, -CH₃, C-O, OH), 2θ around 35.608 and an average particle size of ~ 50&#xa0;nm. Wheat seedlings were treated with 100&#xa0;mg Kg⁻¹ As, 100&#xa0;mg Kg⁻¹ As + FeNPs, and a control (no treatment), and their responses were evaluated at 30, 60, 90, and 120 d. Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometer (AAS) results revealed maximum As accumulation (43.65&#xa0;mg kg⁻¹) in HD2733 roots under As treatment at 90 d, which was reduced by 68.64% following FeNPs application. As exposure led to significant reductions in agronomic traits, biochemical parameters, and micronutrient content, while FeNPs treatment reversed these effects. Notably, FeNPs facilitated grain formation even under As stress and prevented As accumulation in grains. This is the first report of such findings, demonstrating the potential of FeNPs in restoring reproductive success and enhancing grain nutritional quality under As toxicity. The study highlights the viability of nano-enabled bioremediation as a sustainable strategy for improving crop performance in As-contaminated soils.</p>

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Green synthesized iron nanoparticles as a promising tool for reducing arsenic stress in Triticum aestivum L.

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2025年8月19日

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  • Sanika Jain,
  • Jyoti Mathur

摘要

Arsenic (As) contamination is a major global environmental concern that severely hampers crop productivity. Traditional chemical fertilizers, though widely used, can exacerbate toxicity when over applied, negatively impacting both plant health and the environment. Nanotechnology- A eco-friendly approach, offers promising alternatives. In this study, iron nanoparticles (FeNPs) were green-synthesized using tea waste and employed to mitigate As stress in three wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) cultivars: HD2824, HD3171, and HD2733, commonly grown in As-contaminated regions of India. The FeNPs were characterized using Fourier Transform Infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), X-ray diffraction (XRD), and Transmission Electron Microscopy (TEM), confirming the presence of key functional groups (C = O, -CH₃, C-O, OH), 2θ around 35.608 and an average particle size of ~ 50 nm. Wheat seedlings were treated with 100 mg Kg⁻¹ As, 100 mg Kg⁻¹ As + FeNPs, and a control (no treatment), and their responses were evaluated at 30, 60, 90, and 120 d. Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometer (AAS) results revealed maximum As accumulation (43.65 mg kg⁻¹) in HD2733 roots under As treatment at 90 d, which was reduced by 68.64% following FeNPs application. As exposure led to significant reductions in agronomic traits, biochemical parameters, and micronutrient content, while FeNPs treatment reversed these effects. Notably, FeNPs facilitated grain formation even under As stress and prevented As accumulation in grains. This is the first report of such findings, demonstrating the potential of FeNPs in restoring reproductive success and enhancing grain nutritional quality under As toxicity. The study highlights the viability of nano-enabled bioremediation as a sustainable strategy for improving crop performance in As-contaminated soils.