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<p>Gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) is characterised by insulin resistance and inflammatory dysregulation during pregnancy. Cytokines and adipokines have been implicated in its pathophysiology; however, region-specific data from South India are limited. This study evaluated selected immunological markers in women with and without GDM and assessed their diagnostic performance. In this cross-sectional study, 88 age- and gestational age–matched pregnant women (44 GDM and 44 non-GDM controls) between 24 and 28&#xa0;weeks of gestation were enrolled. GDM was diagnosed using the International Association of Diabetes and Pregnancy Study Groups criteria following a 75&#xa0;g oral glucose tolerance test. Serum levels of interleukin IL-6, IL-10, IL-13, chemerin, and visfatin were measured using ELISA. Group comparisons were performed using appropriate parametric or non-parametric tests. Effect sizes were calculated, and receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis was performed for significant markers. IL-6 levels were significantly lower in the GDM group compared to controls (<i>p</i> &lt; 0.001; r = 0.66). ROC analysis showed intense discrimination (AUC 0.88; 95% CI 0.804–0.963) with an optimal cutoff of 10.09&#xa0;pg/mL (sensitivity 86%, specificity 84%). Chemerin levels were significantly higher in GDM (<i>p</i> = 0.003; r = 0.32) with moderate diagnostic performance (AUC 0.68; 95% CI 0.567–0.800). IL-10, IL-13, and Visfatin showed no significant differences. Altered IL-6 and elevated chemerin levels are associated with GDM in this cohort. IL-6 demonstrated strong discriminatory ability. Larger longitudinal studies with metabolic adjustments are required to confirm clinical utility.</p> Graphical Abstract <p></p>

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Comparison of Levels of Immunological Markers (Interleukins (IL -6, IL-10 and IL-13), Chemerin and Visfatin) in Gestational Diabetes Mellitus (GDM) and Non-GDM Groups

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年5月29日

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  • Vandana Tiwary,
  • Monisha Muralidharan,
  • Ramesh Ramasamy,
  • Bhabani Pegu

摘要

Gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) is characterised by insulin resistance and inflammatory dysregulation during pregnancy. Cytokines and adipokines have been implicated in its pathophysiology; however, region-specific data from South India are limited. This study evaluated selected immunological markers in women with and without GDM and assessed their diagnostic performance. In this cross-sectional study, 88 age- and gestational age–matched pregnant women (44 GDM and 44 non-GDM controls) between 24 and 28 weeks of gestation were enrolled. GDM was diagnosed using the International Association of Diabetes and Pregnancy Study Groups criteria following a 75 g oral glucose tolerance test. Serum levels of interleukin IL-6, IL-10, IL-13, chemerin, and visfatin were measured using ELISA. Group comparisons were performed using appropriate parametric or non-parametric tests. Effect sizes were calculated, and receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis was performed for significant markers. IL-6 levels were significantly lower in the GDM group compared to controls (p < 0.001; r = 0.66). ROC analysis showed intense discrimination (AUC 0.88; 95% CI 0.804–0.963) with an optimal cutoff of 10.09 pg/mL (sensitivity 86%, specificity 84%). Chemerin levels were significantly higher in GDM (p = 0.003; r = 0.32) with moderate diagnostic performance (AUC 0.68; 95% CI 0.567–0.800). IL-10, IL-13, and Visfatin showed no significant differences. Altered IL-6 and elevated chemerin levels are associated with GDM in this cohort. IL-6 demonstrated strong discriminatory ability. Larger longitudinal studies with metabolic adjustments are required to confirm clinical utility.

Graphical Abstract