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<p>Many studies have identified that exposure to air pollution and heavy metals affects male reproductive health; few studies have found that long-term exposure to particulate matter (PM) is associated with decreased sperm quality. In the current study, we targeted the semen parameters in 248 individuals occupationally exposed to air pollution for more than 6&#xa0;h a day. Semen analysis was performed to check the sperm cell count, total motility, progressive motility and morphology by following the WHO laboratory manual 2021, and ROS were generated in semen using the malondialdehyde assay. Also, the 8-OHdG/dG analysis was done to determine the oxidative damage in the isolated sperm DNA. The COMET assay was used to identify the percentage of DNA fragmentation between the groups. Statistical analysis was done on all the data to estimate their differences. The Normozoospermia group exhibited a low level of sperm DNA fragmentation, with values below 5% (3.02 ± 0.07%). In contrast, the Teratozoospermia (36.01 ± 0.03%) and Oligoasthenozoospermia (53.05 ± 0.08%) groups demonstrated significantly elevated levels of DNA fragmentation. Elevated malondialdehyde (MDA) levels were observed in Teratozoospermia (1.48 ± 0.03&#xa0;µmol/mL) and Oligoasthenozoospermia (3.01 ± 0.01&#xa0;µmol/mL), indicating increased oxidative stress. Superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity was significantly lower in Teratozoospermia (0.30 ± 0.11 U/mg) and Oligoasthenozoospermia (0.17 ± 0.07 U/mg) compared to normozoospermia. Similarly, catalase (CAT) activity was reduced in both abnormal groups, with significant differences in Teratozoospermia (0.35 ± 0.06&#xa0;mM/mg) and Oligoasthenozoospermia (0.18 ± 0.02&#xa0;mM/mg), suggesting compromised antioxidant defence mechanisms. The results reveal that greater levels of reactive oxygen species are substantially related to decreased sperm motility, aberrant morphology, and increased DNA fragmentation. The individuals with teratozoospermia and Oligoasthenozoospermia had significant oxidative stress, as evidenced by elevated levels of 8-OHdG and MDA, as well as reduced antioxidant enzymes SOD and CAT. The semen and oxidative stress tests reveal that oxidative imbalance is a major cause of poor sperm quality and male infertility.</p>

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A Study on the Role of Oxidative Stress on the Sperm Quality of Individuals Occupationally Exposed to Air Pollution

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2025年11月10日

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  • D. Abilash,
  • R. Parameswari,
  • P. Madhan Kumar,
  • T. B. Sridharan

摘要

Many studies have identified that exposure to air pollution and heavy metals affects male reproductive health; few studies have found that long-term exposure to particulate matter (PM) is associated with decreased sperm quality. In the current study, we targeted the semen parameters in 248 individuals occupationally exposed to air pollution for more than 6 h a day. Semen analysis was performed to check the sperm cell count, total motility, progressive motility and morphology by following the WHO laboratory manual 2021, and ROS were generated in semen using the malondialdehyde assay. Also, the 8-OHdG/dG analysis was done to determine the oxidative damage in the isolated sperm DNA. The COMET assay was used to identify the percentage of DNA fragmentation between the groups. Statistical analysis was done on all the data to estimate their differences. The Normozoospermia group exhibited a low level of sperm DNA fragmentation, with values below 5% (3.02 ± 0.07%). In contrast, the Teratozoospermia (36.01 ± 0.03%) and Oligoasthenozoospermia (53.05 ± 0.08%) groups demonstrated significantly elevated levels of DNA fragmentation. Elevated malondialdehyde (MDA) levels were observed in Teratozoospermia (1.48 ± 0.03 µmol/mL) and Oligoasthenozoospermia (3.01 ± 0.01 µmol/mL), indicating increased oxidative stress. Superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity was significantly lower in Teratozoospermia (0.30 ± 0.11 U/mg) and Oligoasthenozoospermia (0.17 ± 0.07 U/mg) compared to normozoospermia. Similarly, catalase (CAT) activity was reduced in both abnormal groups, with significant differences in Teratozoospermia (0.35 ± 0.06 mM/mg) and Oligoasthenozoospermia (0.18 ± 0.02 mM/mg), suggesting compromised antioxidant defence mechanisms. The results reveal that greater levels of reactive oxygen species are substantially related to decreased sperm motility, aberrant morphology, and increased DNA fragmentation. The individuals with teratozoospermia and Oligoasthenozoospermia had significant oxidative stress, as evidenced by elevated levels of 8-OHdG and MDA, as well as reduced antioxidant enzymes SOD and CAT. The semen and oxidative stress tests reveal that oxidative imbalance is a major cause of poor sperm quality and male infertility.