Influence of Suppressor of Cytokine Signaling 1 (SOCS1) Gene Variations on Polycystic Ovary Syndrome

Polycystic ovarian syndrome (PCOS) is associated with low-grade systemic inflammation and an increase in inflammation markers, which are crucial in managing ovarian function. This study aimed to determine whether SOCS1 gene variants are associated with PCOS risk. In total, 300 subjects were enrolled (150 patients with PCOS and 150 healthy individuals). Each subject’s peripheral blood was collected for genomic DNAs isolation and biochemical assessments. After adjustment for BMI, codominant heterozygous [OR = 0.45, 95%CI = 0.27–0.77], codominant homozygous [OR = 0.29, 95%CI = 0.11–0.76], dominant [OR = 0.39, 95%CI = 0.23–0.65], and overdominant [OR = 0.50, 95%CI = 0.29–0.84] models of rs33932899, as well as the codominant homozygous [OR = 0.26, 95%CI = 0.10–0.69], dominant [OR = 0.55, 95%CI = 0.34–0.89], and recessive [OR = 0.33, 95%CI = 0.12–0.87] genetic patterns of rs243327 were significantly associated with decreased PCOS risk. On the contrary, codominant homozygous [OR = 2.40, 95%CI = 1.20–4.78] and recessive [OR = 2.10, 95%CI = 1.14–3.87] modes of the rs33989964 variation increased PCOS risk (P-value < 0.05). Analysis of the interaction demonstrated that the GG/Del-Del/CC genotype combination of rs33932899/rs33989964/rs243327 significantly increased the risk of PCOS in our population [OR = 4.81, 95%CI = 1.72–13.49]. Furthermore, the G_rs33932899TG_rs33989964C_rs243327 and C_rs33932899Del_rs33989964C_rs243327 and C_rs33932899Del_rs33989964T_rs243327 haplotypes were associated with the risk of PCOS (p = 0.007, p < 0.001 and p = 0.012 respectively). A significant difference has also been observed between cases carrying GG + GC genotypes of rs33932899 regarding fasting blood sugar levels (P-value < 0.05). The SOSC1 rs33989964 variation increased PCOS risk, while both SOSC1 rs33932899 and rs243327 variants conferred protection against PCOS in our population. Additional research on various racial groups is needed to determine if these variations contribute to PCOS, a complicated hormonal disorder with multiple factors.