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<p>A microstructure prediction model for 42CrMo steel during hot deformation was developed and applied to the profiled ring rolling process. Hot compression experiments on a Gleeble simulator were carried out in the deformation range of 0.01–10&#xa0;s⁻<sup>1</sup> and 1073–1473&#xa0;K, and the dynamic recrystallization (DRX) mechanism was analyzed by metallography and EBSD. The results showed that, under three representative deformation states, namely partial recrystallization, complete recrystallization, and unstable deformation, the DRX volume fractions were 83.14%, 100%, and 91%, respectively, and the corresponding average grain sizes were 5.09&#xa0;μm, 6.82&#xa0;μm, and 5.57&#xa0;μm. Based on the work hardening rate theory, the average deformation activation energy was determined as 410.723&#xa0;kJ/mol. A DRX kinetic model and a grain size evolution model coupled with the Zener-Hollomon parameter were then established. The validation results showed that the average relative error of grain size prediction was 8.96%. Furthermore, the developed model was implemented into the finite element model of profiled ring rolling via a VUMAT subroutine, enabling prediction of the DRX volume fraction and grain size evolution in the ring. The results indicate that finer grains formed on the inner and outer surfaces of the profiled ring, whereas coarser grains appeared at the corners, mainly owing to the non-uniform temperature and strain distributions arising from variations in roll-ring contact and overall heat transfer conditions.</p>

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From mechanism to application: microstructure modeling of 42CrMo steel during hot deformation and its implementation in profiled grooved ring rolling

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年7月27日

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  • Tingting Pan,
  • Xiaoqing Chen,
  • Xuechao Li,
  • Fei Li,
  • Shijian Zou,
  • Xiao Li

摘要

A microstructure prediction model for 42CrMo steel during hot deformation was developed and applied to the profiled ring rolling process. Hot compression experiments on a Gleeble simulator were carried out in the deformation range of 0.01–10 s⁻1 and 1073–1473 K, and the dynamic recrystallization (DRX) mechanism was analyzed by metallography and EBSD. The results showed that, under three representative deformation states, namely partial recrystallization, complete recrystallization, and unstable deformation, the DRX volume fractions were 83.14%, 100%, and 91%, respectively, and the corresponding average grain sizes were 5.09 μm, 6.82 μm, and 5.57 μm. Based on the work hardening rate theory, the average deformation activation energy was determined as 410.723 kJ/mol. A DRX kinetic model and a grain size evolution model coupled with the Zener-Hollomon parameter were then established. The validation results showed that the average relative error of grain size prediction was 8.96%. Furthermore, the developed model was implemented into the finite element model of profiled ring rolling via a VUMAT subroutine, enabling prediction of the DRX volume fraction and grain size evolution in the ring. The results indicate that finer grains formed on the inner and outer surfaces of the profiled ring, whereas coarser grains appeared at the corners, mainly owing to the non-uniform temperature and strain distributions arising from variations in roll-ring contact and overall heat transfer conditions.