Background <p>Over the past 15&#xa0;years, oncological care for head and neck cancers and cutaneous malignancies in the head and neck region has undergone profound change. Beyond advances in diagnostics and treatment, structural developments, increasing centralization, and new demands on interdisciplinary collaboration have shaped current care.</p> Objective <p>This review aims to describe key changes in oncological care between 2010 and the end of 2025 and to analyze their impact on treatment sequences, healthcare processes, professional roles, medical training and health economic aspects.</p> Materials and methods <p>This narrative review is based on publications retrieved from PubMed/MEDLINE, national and international guidelines, and selected registry and health services research data, focusing on Germany, Austria, and Switzerland, with international comparisons to Europe and the United States.</p> Results <p>Cancer care has become increasingly individualized, with expanded use of advanced imaging and molecular markers and a&#xa0;growing focus on certified cancer centers. At the same time, professional responsibilities have shifted among disciplines, and supportive and survivorship-oriented care has gained importance. These developments are associated with rising costs but also with improved survival and quality of life.</p> Conclusion <p>The evolving landscape of oncological care poses major challenges for healthcare systems and medical training. Addressing increasing complexity and an aging patient population will require further development of interdisciplinary care structures and educational frameworks.</p>