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<p>Odontogenic diseases of the maxillary sinus represent a&#xa0;distinct clinical entity that differs fundamentally from rhinogenic sinusitis in terms of etiology, microbiology, clinical presentation, and therapeutic requirements. Despite increasing scientific attention, odontogenic sinusitis remains frequently unrecognized in clinical practice, which may result in delayed diagnosis and inadequate treatment. The aim of this work is to provide an up-to-date overview of the epidemiological, etiological, and microbiological characteristics of odontogenic maxillary sinus diseases and to contextualize their clinical relevance within modern dentistry and oral and maxillofacial surgery. This work is based on a&#xa0;narrative review of the current literature, including clinical studies, retrospective case series, microbiological investigations, and international consensus statements. Epidemiological data indicate that odontogenic causes account for approximately 30–50% of chronic, predominantly unilateral cases of maxillary sinusitis, with higher prevalences reported in specialized centers. Etiologically, apical periodontitis, periodontal disease, and inadequate endodontic treatment continue to predominate. At the same time, the proportion of iatrogenic causes—particularly those associated with implantological procedures, sinus floor elevation, and displacement of foreign material—has increased markedly in recent years. From a&#xa0;microbiological perspective, odontogenic sinusitis is characterized by polymicrobial infections dominated by anaerobic pathogens and pronounced biofilm formation, which explains the limited effectiveness of antibiotic therapy alone. Inflammation frequently extends beyond the maxillary sinus, thereby increasing the risk of treatment failure. In addition, maxillary sinus aspergillosis, often associated with prior dental interventions, represents an important differential diagnosis. Overall, to prevent chronicity and complications, odontogenic maxillary sinus diseases require a&#xa0;targeted diagnostic approach; consistent elimination of the odontogenic focus, and close interdisciplinary collaboration between dentistry, oral and maxillofacial surgery, and otorhinolaryngology.</p>

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Ätiologie, Epidemiologie und Mikrobiologie odontogener Kieferhöhlenerkrankungen

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年4月10日

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  • B. Al-Nawas

摘要

Odontogenic diseases of the maxillary sinus represent a distinct clinical entity that differs fundamentally from rhinogenic sinusitis in terms of etiology, microbiology, clinical presentation, and therapeutic requirements. Despite increasing scientific attention, odontogenic sinusitis remains frequently unrecognized in clinical practice, which may result in delayed diagnosis and inadequate treatment. The aim of this work is to provide an up-to-date overview of the epidemiological, etiological, and microbiological characteristics of odontogenic maxillary sinus diseases and to contextualize their clinical relevance within modern dentistry and oral and maxillofacial surgery. This work is based on a narrative review of the current literature, including clinical studies, retrospective case series, microbiological investigations, and international consensus statements. Epidemiological data indicate that odontogenic causes account for approximately 30–50% of chronic, predominantly unilateral cases of maxillary sinusitis, with higher prevalences reported in specialized centers. Etiologically, apical periodontitis, periodontal disease, and inadequate endodontic treatment continue to predominate. At the same time, the proportion of iatrogenic causes—particularly those associated with implantological procedures, sinus floor elevation, and displacement of foreign material—has increased markedly in recent years. From a microbiological perspective, odontogenic sinusitis is characterized by polymicrobial infections dominated by anaerobic pathogens and pronounced biofilm formation, which explains the limited effectiveness of antibiotic therapy alone. Inflammation frequently extends beyond the maxillary sinus, thereby increasing the risk of treatment failure. In addition, maxillary sinus aspergillosis, often associated with prior dental interventions, represents an important differential diagnosis. Overall, to prevent chronicity and complications, odontogenic maxillary sinus diseases require a targeted diagnostic approach; consistent elimination of the odontogenic focus, and close interdisciplinary collaboration between dentistry, oral and maxillofacial surgery, and otorhinolaryngology.