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<p>Craniomandibular dysfunction (CMD) is a&#xa0;disorder of the masticatory system that affects the masticatory muscles, temporomandibular joints and/or occlusion. It includes pain and/or other signs of dysfunction (restricted movement, hypermobility or incoordination of mandibular movement; intra-articular disorders of the temporomandibular joint; and occlusal abnormalities that interfere with function). Myoarthropathies (MAP; temporomandibular disorders, TMD) of the masticatory system include complaints and findings that affect the masticatory muscles, the temporomandibular joints, or associated tissue structures, and are the most common causes of chronic orofacial pain of non-dental origin in the mouth and face. The overall prevalence in adults is approximately 39%, in children approximately 11%. The most common diagnosis is disc displacement with reduction. The diagnostic criteria for CMD (DC/TMD) comprise a&#xa0;standardized diagnostic procedure consisting of axis&#xa0;I (clinical examination) and axis&#xa0;II (psychosocial assessment). Axis&#xa0;I includes the following most common diagnoses: myalgia, arthralgia, disc displacement, degenerative temporomandibular joint disorders, and subluxation. The biopsychosocial pain model emphasizes the role of physical, psychological, and social factors, and reliable instruments were selected for axis&#xa0;II to record these factors. Axis&#xa0;II assesses psychosocial factors such as pain intensity, pain-related impairment, pain localization, depression, and anxiety using patient self-report questionnaires. Despite the good validity of the DC/TMD, they are rarely used in practice. There are many reasons for this: training requirements, time required, and the complexity of axis&#xa0;II. Therefore, a&#xa0;short version, the so-called brief DC/TMD, is also available. This is intended to simplify use in practice and thus improve acceptance.</p>

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Diagnostische Kriterien für kraniomandibuläre Dysfunktion: Achse I und Achse II

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2025年9月11日

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  • Melani Bister,
  • Nikolaos Nikitas Giannakopoulos,
  • Marc Schmitter

摘要

Craniomandibular dysfunction (CMD) is a disorder of the masticatory system that affects the masticatory muscles, temporomandibular joints and/or occlusion. It includes pain and/or other signs of dysfunction (restricted movement, hypermobility or incoordination of mandibular movement; intra-articular disorders of the temporomandibular joint; and occlusal abnormalities that interfere with function). Myoarthropathies (MAP; temporomandibular disorders, TMD) of the masticatory system include complaints and findings that affect the masticatory muscles, the temporomandibular joints, or associated tissue structures, and are the most common causes of chronic orofacial pain of non-dental origin in the mouth and face. The overall prevalence in adults is approximately 39%, in children approximately 11%. The most common diagnosis is disc displacement with reduction. The diagnostic criteria for CMD (DC/TMD) comprise a standardized diagnostic procedure consisting of axis I (clinical examination) and axis II (psychosocial assessment). Axis I includes the following most common diagnoses: myalgia, arthralgia, disc displacement, degenerative temporomandibular joint disorders, and subluxation. The biopsychosocial pain model emphasizes the role of physical, psychological, and social factors, and reliable instruments were selected for axis II to record these factors. Axis II assesses psychosocial factors such as pain intensity, pain-related impairment, pain localization, depression, and anxiety using patient self-report questionnaires. Despite the good validity of the DC/TMD, they are rarely used in practice. There are many reasons for this: training requirements, time required, and the complexity of axis II. Therefore, a short version, the so-called brief DC/TMD, is also available. This is intended to simplify use in practice and thus improve acceptance.